Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true of operational definitions?
What type of measurement is Serena using when she interviews teachers about their attitude toward children with ADHD?
Self-report measurement
What type of measurement is Felipe using in his observation of teachers treating children with ADHD?
Observational measurement
Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement?
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What scale of measurement does Naomi use to rank elementary school students on popularity?
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What type of scale describes Todd's measurement of popularity based on the number of friends?
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What is the difference between a ratio scale and an interval scale of measurement?
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A correlation-based statistic called ________ is commonly used to determine internal reliability.
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A measure can be valid but not reliable.
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What correlation would the psychologist hope to find to establish discriminant validity?
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Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.
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Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together?
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Dr. Valencia is concerned about the scale's ________ when measuring narcissism.
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What is Dr. Valencia testing when she compares scores from Tuesday and Thursday?
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What is Dr. Valencia evaluating when she analyzes agreements between individual question responses?
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What type of validity does Dr. Valencia have evidence for when her colleagues say the measure looks valid?
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What type of validity is being evaluated when Dr. Sheffield's supervisor reviews his measure for completeness?
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Why did Dr. Sheffield give his measure to groups in GA and AA?
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Dr. Sheffield's new measure is positively associated with other related measures. What type of validity does this indicate?
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What evidence for discriminant validity would Dr. Sheffield find when comparing his measure to life satisfaction?
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Study Notes
Operational Definitions
- Operational definitions are a creative aspect of the research process, specifying how concepts will be measured.
Measurement Types
- Self-report measurement involves participants expressing their own thoughts or feelings, as exemplified by interviewing teachers about their attitudes towards ADHD.
- Observational measurement entails evaluating behavior through direct observation, such as watching how teachers interact with children having ADHD.
Types of Physiological Measurement
- Reporting the number of panic attacks is a subjective measure and not classified as physiological measurement.
Scales of Measurement
- An ordinal scale ranks items without specifying the interval between them, demonstrated in popularity ratings by students.
- A ratio scale has a true zero point indicating absence, which is applied by counting the number of friends to assess popularity.
Validity and Reliability
- A measure can be valid but not reliable; reliability is concerned with consistency, while validity pertains to accuracy.
- Cronbach's alpha is a statistic used to determine internal reliability of a measure.
Discriminant Validity
- Discriminant validity, also known as divergent validity, is crucial to confirm that measures assess distinct constructs.
- Collecting data from various psychological measures aids in evaluating both convergent and discriminant validity.
Practical Application: Assessing Narcissism
- Validity is key when measuring constructs like narcissism; concerns may arise regarding whether the measure truly assesses narcissism or related concepts.
- Test-retest reliability checks consistency over time by administering the same test on different days.
Internal Reliability
- Internal reliability assesses whether individual questions within a measure correlate with one another, ensuring a cohesive assessment.
Face Validity
- Face validity occurs when experts agree that a measure appears to assess the intended concept based on its content.
Pathological Gambling Measure Development
- Content validity ensures that a measure covers all relevant components of a condition, evidenced by expert evaluation in Dr. Sheffield's work.
- Criterion validity is established by comparing scores between groups, such as those in Gamblers Anonymous versus Alcoholics Anonymous.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity
- Convergent validity is shown when a new measure correlates positively with similar constructs, validating its relevance.
- Discriminant validity is tested by demonstrating that a measure does not correlate with unrelated measures, confirming its distinctiveness.
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Description
This quiz explores various types of measurements used in psychology, with a focus on operational definitions, physiological measurements, and scales of measurement. Participants will analyze different scenarios involving observations and interviews related to children's attitudes and behaviors, particularly in the context of ADHD. Test your understanding of measurement concepts and their applications in educational settings.
