Psychology Chapter on Emotions and Social Media

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Questions and Answers

What are the two necessary factors to feel a specific emotion?

Facebook depression and misery loving miserable company.
Social comparison theory and two-factor theory of emotion.
Active Facebook usage and passive Facebook usage.
Physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a reason why Facebook usage may undermine a person's well-being?

Misery loving only miserable company. (correct)
People on Facebook tend to portrait themselves in overly flattering ways.
Facebook depression is correlated with increased Facebook usage.
Comparisons with more successful people.

According to social comparison theory, how do people evaluate their own abilities and opinions?

By comparing themselves to others. (correct)
By utilizing social media platforms like Facebook for self-reflection.
By relying on their own internal compass and intuition.
By seeking guidance from experts in the field.

What is the main idea behind the two-factor theory of emotion?

Emotions are a combination of physiological and cognitive factors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of passive Facebook usage?

Scrolling through your news feed and seeing posts from people you follow. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the 'drug-informed' group and the 'drug-uninformed' group in Schachter and Singer's 1962 experiment?

The drug-informed group knew the expected side effects of the injection while the drug-uninformed group did not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of social comparison theory in relation to Facebook usage?

The potential negative consequences of comparing ourselves to others on Facebook. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between Facebook usage and depression?

There is a correlation between Facebook usage and unhappiness, but causality isn't established. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the James-Lange theory, what is the primary reason why emotions feel different from one another?

Our perception of bodily changes associated with each emotion creates the subjective feeling. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the view of the James-Lange theory on the role of cognition in emotion?

Cognition plays a minimal role, with physiological changes being the primary driver of emotional experience. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

It suggests that emotional experience and physiological changes occur simultaneously. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference in the physiological aspects of emotions according to the two theories (James-Lange and Cannon-Bard)?

The James-Lange theory emphasizes specific physiological patterns for each emotion, while the Cannon-Bard theory suggests more general physiological responses. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the study where participants were injected with epinephrine?

It supported the Cannon-Bard theory by showing that broad physiological arousal could be induced independently of emotional experience. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the `common sense` view of how emotions arise?

A significant stimulus triggers a specific bodily change, which leads to a distinct emotional experience. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of both the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories?

They fail to provide a satisfactory explanation for the subjective experience of emotions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT a criticism of the James-Lange theory?

It overestimates the distinctiveness of physiological patterns associated with different emotions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a sermon about being good to hold value?

The sermon being strong (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does modeling have on learning behavior?

It promotes observational learning (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to social learning theory, how is human social behavior primarily developed?

Through learning from appropriate models (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has proven to weaken the effect of prosocial behavior over time in children?

Weak reinforcement of prosocial actions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'learning by vicarious experience'?

Acquiring behavior by observing rewards given to others (B) Signup and view all the answers

What outcome was observed in children watching television comedies with moral lessons?

Increased engagement in prosocial behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of prosocial video game content on participants' behavior?

Increased likelihood of helping behaviors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What potential influence might adults have on children regarding prosocial behaviors?

Helpful models can influence even adult behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the presence of a supportive confederate have on conformity?

It decreases conformity by almost 80%. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, how does gender influence conformity in face-to-face encounters?

Women conform more than men. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is minority influence?

It is the process by which dissenters produce change within a group. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for nonconformists to exert influence, according to Moscovici?

They must exhibit forceful and unwavering support for their position. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does research indicate about the role of social observation on gender differences in conformity?

Women feel pressured to conform more when they know they are being observed. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals expressing unpopular views typically fare within groups?

They are seen as competent but often disliked. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does comfort with the experimental task play in gender differences regarding conformity?

It influences how comfortable individuals feel in a social setting. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when dissent occurs in a group setting?

It breaks the unanimous majority spell. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What brain activity pattern is associated with higher everyday helping behavior?

Increased right amygdala activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are mentioned to influence the likelihood of receiving help from others?

Interpersonal factors such as kindness and social behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the attribution of responsibility affect the provision of help?

Believing someone is responsible increases negative emotions towards them. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationship increases the likelihood of helping behavior?

Communal relationships where responsibilities are felt (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors decreases the likelihood of helping behavior?

Signs of dissimilarity between the helper and the person in need (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically more likely to help someone in need?

Friends and close acquaintances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an empathy gap in intergroup relations?

A lack of empathy for members of outgroups (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies an exchange relationship?

Coworkers collaborating on a project for mutual benefit (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what criticism does the emotional liability theory face?

The theory oversimplifies human emotion and doesn't account for complex situational factors. (A), The theory doesn't fully address the role of environmental cues in shaping emotional responses. (C), The theory wrongly suggests that people can easily and consciously manipulate their emotions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do facial expressions impact communication, according to the text?

They offer a complex interplay of expressiveness and communication, providing insights into our emotional state, personality, and social intentions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the basic emotions mentioned in the text as having a universal facial expression?

Happiness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cognitive appraisal in relation to emotions, as described in the text?

Cognitive appraisal helps us interpret the situation and label our emotional experience. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in emotional expression between men and women?

Women tend to express emotions related to powerlessness more frequently, while men express powerful emotions more often. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Darwin's work in the context of facial expressions and emotions?

He proposed that a small number of universal emotions are associated with distinct facial expressions, which are recognized across cultures. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What key insight does the Schachter-Singer theory contribute to understanding emotions?

Emotions are primarily driven by physiological arousal and individual interpretations of the situation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key argument presented in the text regarding the criticisms of the emotional liability theory?

The theory oversimplifies the experience of emotions, underestimating the complex relationship between arousal and interpretation of the situation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Emotions and Body

Emotions involve physiological changes throughout the body, differing by emotion.

James-Lange Theory

Emotions arise from awareness of physiological changes in response to stimuli.