Psychology Chapter on Early Adulthood

<p>The capacity to think flexibly and integrate opposing views (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimacy vs Isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as a pathway for meeting intimacy needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges with fertility that certain individuals may face (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By emphasizing their age and maturity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European cultures have a long history of individualism, while Asian cultures emphasize collectivism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achieving personal financial independence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premarital sex is normative in the West by the late teens, but rare and discouraged in Asia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohabitation is normative in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe, but rare in Asia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Korea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emerging adulthood is primarily experienced by the wealthier, urban middle-class segment of society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is likely to become a global normative life stage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are experiencing the peak of their physiological development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic disparities and varying access to resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their sense of family obligations may limit their explorations during emerging adulthood, relative to Western counterparts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most people finish education by their late teens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Until the late twenties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The median ages are rising but at a slower pace than in OECD countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a noticeable difference between OECD and non-industrialized countries enrollment ratios. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals in their thirties achieve a more comprehensive understanding of 'individualistic qualities of character' compared to those in young adulthood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in the average age of entering marriage and parenthood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European emerging adults experience longer and more leisurely transitions to adulthood, with more government support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-industrialized countries have much lower median incomes, educational attainment, and higher rates of illness, disease, and death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have increased, with women marrying around 27 and men around 29. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualistic characteristics correlate to but are not dependent upon adult responsibilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slower recovery from physical exertion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular consumption of sugary drinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An average gain of one to two pounds per year (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engaging in postsecondary education and experiencing job instability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cope with stress from family or relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.2 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unintentional injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Europe, allowing a longer and more leisurely transition to adulthood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>29 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol plays a role in over half of all student sexual assaults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiencing a mix of both adolescent and adult identities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies an openness to various choices in work, relationships, and education. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating a diet high in processed foods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of higher rates of substance abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug and alcohol use increase the risk of STIs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are strongly related to certain health conditions, like heart disease, in middle age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practicing portion control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are known for high rates of binge drinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have the lowest percentage of physician office visits than any other age group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the most likely to be unaware of their HIV infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postformal thought considers what is likely in addition to what is possible, while formal operational thought primarily focuses on possibilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity to integrate seemingly opposing viewpoints, recognizing elements of truth in both. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased by about 1.4 years, from 24.9 to 26.3 years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in the average age of first marriage for both men and women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low production of sperm or lack of sperm production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of ovulation or ovulation disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has significantly increased from about 75% to 90% since the 1950s and 1960s. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throughout their 20s and 30s, peaking in the late 30s or early 40s. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In their late teens and early twenties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater self-confidence and fewer inhibitions about sexuality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to think in dichotomies: ideas are good or bad; right or wrong. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It begins a slow decline in the late twenties and into the thirties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 30% of people between 25 and 34 had completed an education at the bachelor’s level or higher in 2005. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is frequently not considered 'real sex'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can improve both immediate and long-term health because it's a time when unhealthy habits form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulties in collaborating with others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing intimate relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced mathematics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women tend to prioritize sharing emotions and weaknesses, while men focus on information and solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their effectiveness in imparting critical workplace skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences intimacy; individuals struggle to form deep relationships when lacking a strong sense of self. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harm by a current or former partner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A woman seeks an emotional connection while a man prefers factual communication and problem solving. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To locate workers with specific skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may cause a decline in other-sex friendships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global awareness, critical thinking, communication, ethics and responsibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharing one’s self without losing individuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delay of long-term partner commitments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer similar guidelines for educators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It develops key attributes for career success and social well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They aim to prevent violence in relationships before it occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It varies in frequency and severity, existing on a continuum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intentionally using one's size or strength against another person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The act occurred without the victim's freely given consent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeatedly leaving unwanted gifts for someone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of verbal and non-verbal communication to exert control and harm emotionally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a place to start for help and support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are ethically obligated to ensure patient safety. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurses often have direct access to individuals who are at risk or experiencing IPV. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may feel they are not treated with respect, especially if in positions of authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain credibility, especially with those who are younger. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A belief that life will improve once certain milestones are achieved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because many aspects of life are on hold while preparing for the future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of chronic illnesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategies that promote healthy behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A distinct period of life spanning from the late teens to the mid-twenties, characterized by exploration and transition into adulthood.

Arnett's theory identifies a phase distinct from adolescence and young adulthood, characterized by exploration of identity, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities.

Key characteristics of emerging adulthood include exploring identity, feeling 'in-between', instability, self-focus, and a sense of possibilities.

Major tasks in early adulthood include gaining independence from family, establishing career paths, forming intimate relationships, and prioritizing personal and social goals.

The period of early adulthood is marked by peak physical health, with strong muscle mass and optimal organ functioning. However, the signs of aging gradually start appearing during this stage.

Healthy habits like regular exercise, balanced diet, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding substance abuse contribute significantly to long-term health and well-being in early adulthood.

Risky behaviors like substance abuse, unsafe sexual practices, and impulsive actions are prevalent during early adulthood and can have significant negative impacts on health and well-being.

A cognitive stage characterized by flexible thinking, the ability to integrate multiple perspectives, and recognizing the complexity of issues.

Emerging adulthood is a distinct period of life, typically from the late teens to mid-twenties, characterized by exploration and transition into adulthood. It includes exploring identity, instability, self-focus, and a sense of possibilities.

Emerging adulthood is more prevalent in industrialized nations, like Europe and North America, where economic development and social welfare systems allow extended exploration before entering traditional adulthood.

In contrast to the Western emphasis on individualism, Asian cultures often prioritize collectivism and family obligations, influencing the experience of emerging adulthood.

Asian emerging adults, while exploring their identities, often do so within a framework of family expectations and obligations, impacting their career choices and lifestyle decisions.

Financial independence is a key marker of adulthood in Western cultures, whereas Asian emerging adults often prioritize the ability to support their parents financially.

Family obligations can influence educational paths and career choices for Asian emerging adults, leading to greater deference to parental wishes and a more structured experience.

Western cultures generally embrace premarital sex and cohabitation, while Asian societies tend to view these as taboo and generally encourage later marriage and dating.

Emerging adulthood, while prevalent in industrialized countries, is still developing in non-industrialized countries, where a majority of young people still enter marriage and parenthood earlier.

Emerging adulthood in non-industrialized countries is often confined to the wealthy urban middle class, while the rural and urban poor, due to economic circumstances, may enter adulthood sooner.

Globalization and economic development are expected to increase the prevalence of emerging adulthood in non-industrialized countries, as more people join the middle class and postpone traditional adulthood markers.

Early adulthood is a transition stage, marked by the completion of physical growth but with continued brain development. The brain continues to mature, especially in the prefrontal cortex.

While early adulthood marks peak physical capabilities, the aging process subtly starts during this time, although it may not be noticeable initially. Gradual declines begin in areas like muscle mass and bone density.

Developing and maintaining healthy habits like regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding substance abuse is crucial for long-term health and wellbeing in early adulthood.

Gradually, the body experiences a decline in its ability to recover from exertion, the immune system weakens, and reaction times slow down.

Maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, not smoking, eating well, and exercising regularly are crucial for long-term health.

The early twenties see the highest rates of binge drinking and substance abuse, mainly due to peer pressure and coping mechanisms.

Increases in accidents, suicides, and homicides contribute to a higher risk of violent death among young adults.

Drug and alcohol use impair judgment and increase risk-taking behaviors, leading to potentially dangerous situations.

Binge drinking is common on college campuses, raising concerns about sexual assault because alcohol lowers inhibitions.

Drug and alcohol use increase unprotected sex and multiple partners, increasing the risk of STDs and HIV.

The period between ages 18-44 has the fewest physician visits, suggesting generally good health.

Weight gain is a concern as it increases the risk of chronic diseases and mortality in middle age.

Experts recommend young adults weigh themselves often, learn to cook, reduce sugar, be active, eat vegetables, practice portion control, exercise regularly, and find fulfilling work.

Early adulthood is characterized by peak physical abilities but gradually declines with age.

Habits and choices made during the twenties can impact health in middle age.

Physical activity is crucial to offset the effects of aging and maintain a healthy body.

Stress and inactivity contribute to physical decline, making it seem like an inevitable part of aging.

Adopting healthy lifestyles can prevent or reverse some age-related changes.

A key feature of emerging adulthood characterized by exploring one's identity in areas like work, education, personal values, and relationships. People try out different roles, ideas, and styles to discover who they are.

Another characteristic of emerging adulthood, marked by frequent changes in living arrangements, relationships, jobs, and education. It's a period of flux and instability as individuals navigate new experiences.

One of the defining features of emerging adulthood, focusing on personal growth, self-discovery, and developing a sense of self. It's a time to prioritize individual needs and aspirations.

A characteristic of emerging adulthood where individuals experience a sense of ambiguity and feel 'in-between' adolescence and adulthood. They may not feel fully grown-up yet, but they're not teenagers either.

One of the key features of emerging adulthood, which offers a sense of open possibilities and potential for future growth and achievement. Individuals feel optimistic about their future and believe they have a lot to achieve.

The theory proposing that emerging adulthood is a distinct developmental stage, characterized by five key features, present in industrialized countries over the past several decades.

The years from 18 to 25 are often designated as emerging adulthood. This period is marked by various life transitions, including education, work, and personal development.

Many emerging adults pursue education beyond high school, contributing to the extension of this stage, as they prepare for future careers and personal growth.

Job instability is typical during emerging adulthood as young adults navigate different careers, gain experience, and find their niche in the workforce.

The median age for entering marriage has shifted in industrialized nations, with individuals now entering marriage slightly later in life.

The theory of emerging adulthood, although focused on industrialized nations, may not accurately reflect the experiences of young adults in all parts of the world, particularly in non-industrialized countries.

The countries that comprise the majority of the world's population, characterized by lower median incomes, lower educational attainment, and higher rates of illness and early death compared to industrialized nations.

A group of countries with a higher standard of living, higher median educational attainment, and lower rates of illness and early death compared to non-industrialized nations, including the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.

A concept emphasizing the extended period of leisurely emerging adulthood in Europe due to the ease of finding jobs, affordable tertiary education, and generous government support.

An example of how emerging adulthood is experienced in other OECD countries. In European countries, the median ages for entering marriage and parenthood are near 30, reflecting a slightly longer transition to adulthood.

The period when sexual responsiveness for men is at its highest, typically in the late teens and early twenties, and starts to slowly decline later on.

Women often experience a rise in sexual responsiveness throughout their 20s and 30s, potentially reaching a peak in their late 30s or early 40s.

The practice of delaying having children until the late 20s or early 30s, which is becoming increasingly common in the US.

A condition affecting approximately 11% of women of reproductive age where they are unable to get pregnant naturally.

Male factors, such as low sperm production, contribute to infertility in about a third of cases.

Female factors, including ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, and endometriosis, play a role in infertility in another third of cases.

The ability to recognize that there's often complexity in situations and ideas, with multiple valid viewpoints.

The thinking style typical of adolescents, where they tend to see things in black and white, without acknowledging shades of grey.

Involving college education or higher, is becoming increasingly common in the United States, reflecting a shift in societal priorities.

Describing a period of time characterized by peak physical health and optimal organ functioning.

Unhealthy lifestyle habits that can impact health outcomes, like unhealthy diet, lack of sleep, and substance abuse.

Routine medical care and preventive counseling are important for maintaining health and preventing future issues.

The ability to think abstractly and consider possibilities, which is a characteristic of formal operational thought.

The idea that education should prepare students for the demands of the workforce, emphasizing skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication, rather than just focusing on specific job training.

The outsourcing of tasks or projects to external companies to reduce costs and gain access to specialized skills.

The ability to understand and appreciate different cultures and perspectives, crucial for navigating a globalized world.

The process of analyzing information, identifying patterns, and drawing logical conclusions, essential for effective decision-making.

The ability to convey ideas and information clearly and effectively through writing, speaking, and visual communication.

The ability to reason about ethical dilemmas and make responsible decisions based on principles of right and wrong.

The qualities and behaviors that demonstrate a commitment to responsible actions and fulfilling obligations.

The ability to actively listen and comprehend information, essential for effective communication and understanding others.

The ability to read and interpret written information, crucial for accessing knowledge and information in a variety of contexts.

The ability to express ideas clearly and effectively in writing, essential for communication in various professional and academic settings.

The ability to articulate thoughts and ideas confidently and effectively, essential for presenting information, engaging in discussions, and building relationships.

The ability to work effectively with others, respecting diversity and collaborating towards common goals.

The ability to navigate social situations effectively, interacting appropriately and building positive relationships.

The ability to effectively use technology and digital tools to enhance productivity, communication, and learning.

A state of being interconnected and dependent on others, often found in Eastern cultures.

Intentional use of physical force that could cause harm, injury, disability, or death. Includes actions like slapping, punching, shoving, biting, choking, and using weapons.

Any unwanted sexual activity without consent. Includes various forms like forced penetration, non-physically pressured penetration, unwanted sexual contact, and non-contact experiences like sexual harassment.

A pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact that causes fear for safety. Examples include repeated calls, emails, following, spying, and threats to harm the victim or their loved ones.

Verbal and non-verbal communication intended to harm another person emotionally or mentally and/or to exert control. Includes name-calling, humiliation, limiting access to resources, threats, and manipulation.

A national hotline offering support and resources to victims of domestic violence.

The intentional use of physical force with the potential to cause death, disability, injury, or harm.

Any of these acts constitute sexual violence, whether attempted or completed. Additionally all of these acts occur without the victim’s freely given consent, including cases in which the victim is unable to consent due to being too intoxicated (e.g., incapacitation, lack of consciousness, or lack of awareness) through their voluntary or involuntary use of alcohol or drugs.

A pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone else (e.g., family member or friend).

The use of verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent to harm another person mentally or emotionally, and/or to exert control over another person.

Nurses in many states are mandated reporters for domestic violence, meaning they are legally obligated to report suspected cases.

Chronic domestic violence can lead to several health problems including diabetes, depression, digestive diseases, and memory loss.

Early adulthood is a period of significant growth and development, focusing on gaining independence and preparing for the future.

Young adults often seek to establish their credibility and authority, especially when interacting with those slightly older.

Early adulthood is a period of future focus, with many aspects of life being put on hold while people pursue education, work, and personal goals.

The perception of time passing quickly during early adulthood is often due to the fast-paced and future-oriented nature of this stage.