Psychology Chapter on Disorders

Questions and Answers

What emotional state did Megan express regarding her experiences at school?

She felt withdrawn and indifferent.

She felt excited and motivated.

She felt confident and secure.

She felt insecure and hopeless. (correct)

What significant event in Phyllis and Patty's childhood affected their behavior as adults?

The passing of their brother. (correct)

Their experiences in school.

The divorce of their parents.

The loss of their family home.

What is the current issue faced by Phyllis and Patty in their home?

They are attempting to downsize their belongings.

They are looking to renovate their house.

They are planning to sell the house.

They are concerned about losing their home due to hoarding. (correct)

How did the loss of their brother affect Phyllis and Patty's perception of their childhood?

They felt that everything fell apart after his death. Signup and view all the answers

What was Megan's experience of leaving her house due to social pressure?

It often took her hours to leave her home. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes compulsions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Engaging in repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety or prevent dreaded events Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies a compulsion due to an obsession of contamination?

Washing hands excessively after touching surfaces Signup and view all the answers

How do compulsions relate to the obsessions they aim to neutralize?

They have no realistic connection to the obsession they address Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior might an individual with autism spectrum disorder exhibit?

Repetitive patterns of behavior or mental acts Signup and view all the answers

What emotion is commonly experienced by patients who fear contamination?

Anxiety regarding the presence of germs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about compulsive avoidance is accurate?

It may result from an obsession regarding contamination Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of excessive hand washing for an individual with contamination fears?

Isolation due to fear of contamination Signup and view all the answers

What role do mental acts such as counting play in compulsions?

They may reduce anxiety when performed repeatedly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fear expressed by the individual regarding their home?

The fear of becoming homeless Signup and view all the answers

Which OCD pattern is most prominently observed in the individual?

Pathological doubt related to cleanliness Signup and view all the answers

What specific behavior does Efren engage in when washing his hands?

Repeating the process a set number of times Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the hoarding behavior described in the video?

Decline in physical health Signup and view all the answers

What traumatic event significantly influenced the development of the hoarding disorder?

The loss of a sibling Signup and view all the answers

Why do the individuals in the video continue to keep their possessions despite the negative impacts?

A strong belief in the value of every item Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed to the individual's hoarding behavior?

Unacceptance of a close relative’s death Signup and view all the answers

What health risk is heightened due to the clutter observed?

Increased risk of infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception held by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder?

They perceive their appearance flaws to be highly noticeable to everyone. Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant impact of body dysmorphic disorder on individuals?

They often perform self-surgery to correct perceived flaws. Signup and view all the answers

What defining characteristic of hoarding disorder differentiates it from general clutter?

There is a persistent difficulty in discarding possessions. Signup and view all the answers

In the case discussed, how did Emily justify her use of make-up?

She viewed it as a means to hide her perceived flaws. Signup and view all the answers

What condition was characterized by an obsession with appearance causing distress?

Body dysmorphic disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior did individuals with hoarding disorder often display regarding possessions?

They hoard items regardless of their actual value. Signup and view all the answers

How does body dysmorphic disorder potentially affect social interactions?

It can cause individuals to isolate themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of hoarding disorder concerning living areas?

Living areas become congested and cluttered. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary symptoms of trichotillomania?

Recurrent pulling out of one's hair Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing trichotillomania?

Exposure to a traumatic event Signup and view all the answers

How does trichotillomania typically impact an individual?

It leads to hair loss and psychological distress Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects the nature of trauma and stressor-related disorders?

Exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is a requirement for diagnosis. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes symptoms associated with anxiety in trauma and stressor-related disorders?

They can include externalizing angry and aggressive symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes a symptom of trichotillomania?

Repeatedly attempting to decrease hair pulling Signup and view all the answers

What type of psychological distress is often experienced after exposure to a traumatic event?

Anhedonic and dysphoric symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to rule out other medical conditions when diagnosing trichotillomania?

Other conditions might cause hair pulling and loss. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Individuals may experience obsessions, leading to internal conflict and anxiety related to impulsive behaviors or thoughts.
Compulsions involve repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to alleviate anxiety related to obsessions.
Common examples of compulsions: hand washing, checking, ordering, praying, counting.
Compulsions are often rigidly applied and lack realistic connections to the feared outcome.
Obsessions related to contamination can result in excessive washing or avoidance of perceived contaminated objects, such as feces or germs.
Anxiety related to contamination can incapacitate individuals, leading to isolation due to fear.

Hoarding Compulsion

Hoarding disorder features persistent difficulty discarding possessions, irrespective of actual value.
Accumulation of items congests living areas and impacts their intended use, often requiring third-party intervention for resolution.
Individual cases demonstrate how traumatic events can trigger hoarding behaviors, significantly affecting social and occupational functioning.
Clutter can introduce serious health risks and lead to conflict over possession retention.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Body image issues manifest as obsessions with perceived flaws that are often unnoticed by others.
Individuals may go to extreme lengths, including self-surgery, to address their perceived defects.
Social media and societal pressures exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and insecurity among affected persons.
BDD can lead to significant social withdrawal and hindered daily functioning.

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

Characterized by recurrent hair-pulling leading to hair loss, resulting in psychological distress and impairment in various life areas.
Attempts to reduce or stop the behavior often prove unsuccessful, highlighting the compulsive nature of the disorder.
Trichotillomania is not related to other medical conditions, such as skin disorders.

These disorders require exposure to a traumatic or stressful event as a diagnostic criterion.
Symptoms may vary widely, including anxiety, sadness, anger, and dissociative symptoms.
Psychological distress can stem from exposure to significant life stressors, affecting emotional well-being and functioning.

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Description

This quiz explores various psychological disorders, including impulse-control disorders, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Participants will gain insight into the characteristics and symptoms associated with these conditions, as well as the challenges of managing intrusive thoughts and urges.