Psychology Chapter on Development and Intelligence

The mental ability to learn, reason, and problem-solve. It's the capacity to understand and apply knowledge.

A mental representation of a category of information, objects, ideas, or life experiences. It's an abstract idea or a general notion.

The most easily recognizable member of a category or the best representation of a concept. It's a prime example that fits the concept perfectly.

A cognitive structure that organizes and represents our knowledge about a particular concept or situation. It's a collection of concepts related to a specific idea or subject.

The ability to understand social situations and act wisely in human relationships. It involves recognizing and responding appropriately to emotions and social cues.

The ability to understand words, numbers, and letters. It involves logical and analytical thinking, often associated with problem-solving and abstract reasoning.

The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. It involves being aware of your own emotions and those of others, and managing them constructively.

A theory suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed ability but rather a collection of distinct intelligences that work independently.

This stage focuses on children developing a sense of initiative, taking charge, and exploring their world. If they are over-controlled or criticized, it can lead to guilt and a lack of confidence.

During this stage, children are focusing on developing a sense of competence and mastery. If they are unsuccessful or lack support, it can lead to feelings of inferiority.

This stage is centered around figuring out who you are and where you fit in the world. If you are unsuccessful in this stage, you may feel confused about your identity.

This stage is about forming deep and meaningful relationships with others. If you are unsuccessful in this stage, you may feel isolated.

Adults in this stage focus on leaving a positive legacy for future generations through work, creativity, or parenting. If they are not successful, it can lead to feelings of stagnation and a lack of purpose.

The ability to solve problems and reason, present at birth for everyone.

Skills acquired from the environment, such as musical or artistic abilities.

A theory arguing that intelligence is made up of seven primary mental abilities, rejecting the idea of a single general intelligence.

Sternberg's theory that successful intelligence consists of three components: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

A person's awareness and understanding of their own cognitive processes and capabilities.

The feeling that a current experience has happened before, even though it is a new event.

When a person believes a thought is original, but it's actually a forgotten memory, leading to unintentional plagiarism.

The tendency to believe that a repeated statement is more likely to be true, even if it's false.

A person's biological classification as female or male.

Psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female.

A person's motivation to engage in sexual behavior.

Areas of the body that produce pleasure and/or provoke erotic desire.

An unspoken mental plan that defines a "plot" expected to take place in a sexual encounter.

A serious eating disorder where an individual maintains a body weight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

A serious eating disorder in which a person develops a cycle of "binging" or overeating enormous amounts of food and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain.

An eating disorder characterized by frequent consumption of unusually large amounts of food with a sense of lack of control.

The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.

A situation where bystanders are less likely to help a victim in need when there are other people present.

A psychological defense mechanism where individuals involuntarily push unpleasant thoughts, feelings, or memories into their unconscious mind.

A defense mechanism where individuals revert to child-like behaviors in response to stress or anxiety.

A defense mechanism involving acting in a way opposite to how one truly feels.

A defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own negative qualities or flaws to others.

A defense mechanism involving creating rational and logical explanations for behaviors driven by unconscious motives.

A defense mechanism where individuals transfer negative emotions from one person or situation to another.

The intense and persistent desire to engage in sexual activities that involve non-genital stimulation or non-consenting partners.

A paraphilia characterized by sexual arousal and gratification from viewing unsuspecting individuals undressed or engaging in sexual activities.

A paraphilia characterized by sexual arousal and gratification from exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting individuals.

A paraphilia characterized by sexual interest in children.

A state of prolonged stress that can have negative consequences for physical and mental health.

The body's defense system against disease and infection.

The field of study exploring the relationship between psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system.

A hormone released during stress that can have both positive and negative effects on the body, including weakening the immune system.