Psychology Chapter on Development and Intelligence
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary conflict faced during adolescence according to Erikson's psychosocial development theory?

  • Intimacy vs. isolation
  • Industry vs. inferiority
  • Identity vs. confusion (correct)
  • Generativity vs. stagnation

    • Secure attachment is one of the four main attachment styles.

    True

    What type of motivation arises from internal factors and provides personal satisfaction?

    Intrinsic motivation

    The conflict of _____ vs. guilt occurs during the play age (3-6 years).

    <p>initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parenting styles with their characteristics:

    <p>Authoritative = High responsiveness and high demands Authoritarian = Low responsiveness and high demands Permissive = High responsiveness and low demands Uninvolved = Low responsiveness and low demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the mental representation of a category of information or experiences?

    <p>Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotional Intelligence (EQ) refers to the mental capacity to solve mathematical problems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligences?

    <p>Howard Gardner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ intelligence is related to understanding and managing relationships effectively.

    <p>Social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of intelligence with their characteristics:

    <p>Linguistic Intelligence = Ability to understand and use language Logical-Mathematical Intelligence = Ability to reason and handle logical tasks Spatial Intelligence = Ability to visualize and manipulate objects Musical Intelligence = Ability to perceive and create musical pitches and rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting intelligence?

    <p>Favorite color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is defined as the ratio between mental age and chronological age.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intelligence involves the ability to work with tools and machines?

    <p>Concrete intelligence or Mechanical intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a general ability?

    <p>Problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sternberg's theory of intelligence includes the components of analytical, creative, and social intelligence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the feeling of having experienced something before?

    <p>Déjà Vu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, the stage of development where trust vs. mistrust occurs is during __________.

    <p>infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental stages to their corresponding developmental tasks:

    <p>Infancy (0-1 year) = Trust vs. mistrust Early Childhood (1-3 years) = Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Preschool Age (3-6 years) = Initiative vs. guilt Adolescence (12-18 years) = Identity vs. role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cryptomnesia?

    <p>Feeling that something is new but is actually a memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuous development is viewed as occurring in distinct stages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological phenomenon occurs when non-famous names start to seem famous?

    <p>False Fame Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Maintenance of a body weight well below average through starvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binge eating disorder involves overeating without feeling guilty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cannon-Bard Theory propose about emotions?

    <p>Emotions and physiological changes occur simultaneously and independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One's biological classification as female or male is called ______.

    <p>sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Anorexia nervosa = Obsessed with food, maintaining low body weight Bulimia nervosa = Cycles of bingeing followed by unhealthy weight control Binge eating disorder = Frequent consumption of large amounts of food, feeling out of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sexual script?

    <p>To define the expected actions during a sexual encounter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transsexuals experience harmony between their biological sex and gender identity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the surgical removal of the testicles or ovaries?

    <p>Castration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a paraphilia?

    <p>Pedophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frotteurism involves consensual touching in a public place.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological field studies the relationship between stress and immune function?

    <p>Psychoneuroimmunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual _____ involves deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on another person.

    <p>sadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of sexual dysfunction?

    <p>Sexual Sadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following paraphilias with their definitions:

    <p>Exhibitionism = Flashing genitals to unwilling viewers Voyeurism = Viewing others' genitals without permission Fetishism = Sexual arousal from inanimate objects Sexual Masochism = Desiring pain as part of the sex act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress can lead to the development of heart disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased cortisol levels due to stress?

    <p>Weakened immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social loafing?

    <p>The exertion of less effort by a person working in a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bystander effect occurs when witnesses actively intervene to help a victim.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?

    <p>The act of pushing negative thoughts and emotions below consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own flaws to others.

    <p>Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defense mechanisms involves reverting to child-like behavior?

    <p>Regression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the personality theorist with their theory:

    <p>Carl Jung = Collective unconscious Alfred Adler = Social tensions in childhood Karen Horney = Social aspects of childhood development Sigmund Freud = Psychosexual development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sublimation involves converting negative emotions into a more socially acceptable form.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one projective test mentioned in the content.

    <p>Thematic Apperception Test or Rorschach Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychology Finals Review

    • The material covered in the finals review concerns cognition, intelligence, development, motivation, emotion, sexuality and gender, and stress and health.
    • The study notes cover various concepts within psychology, including: Cognitive structures, intelligence types, different theories of intelligence, theories of emotion, stages of development, different aspects of sexuality and gender, the role of stress, and psychological disorders.

    Cognition

    • Cognition is a mental process involving thinking, judgment, problem-solving, and memory.
    • Schemas are cognitive structures that organize and represent knowledge about particular concepts or situations.
    • Concepts are mental representations of categories of information, objects, ideas or life experiences.
    • Prototypes are the best representations of a concept.

    Intelligence

    • Intelligence is the mental capacity to acquire knowledge, reason, and solve problems.
    • There are different types of intelligence, including concrete intelligence (applicable to using machines, tools, and instruments), social or emotional intelligence (ability to understand social situations and act wisely in human relationships), and abstract or general intelligence (ability to understand words, numbers and letters).
    • Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
    • Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is the ratio between mental age and chronological age.
    • There are various ways to classify individuals according to their IQ scores.
    • Multiple Intelligences (Gardner) theory proposed that intelligence is not a single fixed ability but more likely a collection of distinct intelligences.
    • Factors affecting intelligence include heredity, environment, age, health, physical environment and culture.

    Theories of Intelligence

    • Uni or one factor theory of intelligence (Alfred Binet)
    • Two-factor theory (Spearman)
    • Multiple theory of intelligence: general ability, verbal comprehension, spatial, number, memory, reasoning, perceptual and problem-solving factors.

    Development Across The Lifespan

    • Developmental psychology focuses on how people change across their lifespan.
    • It covers cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development.
    • Includes different stages in development, such as infancy, childhood, play age, school age, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and old age.

    Motivation and Emotion

    • Motivation refers to the wants or needs that direct behavior towards a goal.
    • Types of motivation include intrinsic (from within) and extrinsic (from outside).
    • Emotion is a subjective state of being that is described as feeling.
    • Theories of emotion include James-Lange Theory, Cannon-Bard Theory, and Schachter-Singer Theory.
    • Eating disorders are characterized by obsessed thoughts of food, and body shape and weight.

    Sexuality and Gender

    • Sex refers to biological classification as female or male.
    • Gender refers to psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female.
    • Transsexuals experience conflict between their biological sex and preferred psychological and social gender roles.
    • Sexual behavior includes various aspects such as erogenous zones, sexual scripts, sexual drive, and different sexual deviations(paraphilias).

    Stress and Health

    • Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which can weaken the immune system and contribute to psychological disorders, and heart disease and other health problems.
    • Coping strategies and perceived control are important for managing stress.
    • Psychological disorders include anxiety disorders(phobia, panic attack), body dysmorphic disorders, hoarding disorders, major depressive disorders, and bipolar disorders as mood disorders.

    Social Psychology

    • Social facilitation refers to the improvement in performance when an individual is observed by others.
    • Social loafing is the reduced effort given by a person working in a group.
    • Bystander effect: a situation where a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim.

    Theories of Personalities

    • Defense mechanisms include repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement and sublimation.
    • Neo-Freudian theorists, such as Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, proposed different perspectives on personality.

    Mental Disorders

    • Mental disorders are disturbances that reflect some form of biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction.
    • Psychological disorders include: anxiety disorders, mood disorders (major depressive disorder).

    Projective Tests

    • Projective tests, such as the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the Rorschach Inkblot Test, are used to evaluate personality from an unconscious perspective.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Introduction To Psychology Finals Reviewer PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from psychology related to psychosocial development, intelligence theories, and attachment styles. It explores Erikson's stages of development, types of intelligence, and the impact of parenting styles on emotional intelligence. Test your knowledge on how these theories interconnect within the field of psychology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser