Psychology Chapter on Conditioning and Perception
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary mechanisms involved in classical conditioning that differentiate it from operant conditioning?

  • Shaping and reinforcement schedules
  • Positive and negative reinforcement
  • Unconditioned and conditioned stimuli (correct)
  • Extinction and spontaneous recovery

    • Which behavior is characterized by learning through consequences, such as rewards or punishments?

  • Classical conditioning
  • Observational learning
  • Operant conditioning (correct)
  • Conditioned reflexes

    • Which of the following terms describes the process where a learned behavior decreases in frequency due to the absence of reinforcement?

  • Generalization
  • Discrimination
  • Spontaneous recovery
  • Extinction (correct)

    • In the context of learning, what does the term 'generalization' refer to?

    <p>Responding similarly to different stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory explains deviance as influenced by social interactions and the meanings individuals assign to behaviors?

    <p>Differential association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of binocular cues in human perception?

    <p>They provide a sense of depth through retinal disparity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cue allows humans to infer depth without the use of both eyes?

    <p>Monocular cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the muscles of the eyes respond when viewing objects that are far away?

    <p>They relax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the visual cue of interposition indicate?

    <p>An object that is in front is perceived as being closer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relative size perception allow individuals to determine?

    <p>The approximate size of objects based on closeness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the role of two eyes in vision is correct?

    <p>They give a sense of depth through binocular cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following services does mcatbros NOT provide?

    <p>Voice coaching sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes monocular cues from binocular cues?

    <p>Monocular cues require only one eye to interpret.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily suppressed by K-complexes during sleep?

    <p>Cortical arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the N3 stage of sleep?

    <p>Difficulty in waking a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of sleep spindles?

    <p>Inhibiting certain perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which sleep stage does most dreaming occur?

    <p>REM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of sleep stages within a typical cycle?

    <p>N1 -&gt; N2 -&gt; N3 -&gt; N2 -&gt; REM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is primarily consolidated during N3 sleep?

    <p>Declarative memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is termed 'paradoxical sleep'?

    <p>Sleep where the body is paralyzed but the brain is active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might help induce K-complexes in a sleeping person?

    <p>Gentle touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of relative height in perception?

    <p>Higher objects are perceived to be farther away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of constancy allows us to perceive an object as the same size despite changes in its distance from us?

    <p>Size constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the monocular cue of motion parallax refer to?

    <p>Objects that are closer move faster than those farther away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between REM and NREM dreams?

    <p>REM dreams are often vivid and memorable, while NREM dreams are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sensory adaptation occur in the sense of hearing?

    <p>It protects the ear by dampening vibrations over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates circadian rhythms in the body?

    <p>Melatonin produced by the pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes color constancy?

    <p>The ability to perceive the same color despite different light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proprioception primarily concerned with?

    <p>Understanding the position of the body in space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's theory, what do dreams represent?

    <p>Unconscious desires and thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is likely to experience more REM sleep?

    <p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the perception of shapes is accurate?

    <p>We perceive a door as a rectangle even when it opens and its shape changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of light adaptation in vision?

    <p>Decreased sensitivity to light as brightness increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one theory regarding the purpose of dreams?

    <p>To maintain brain flexibility and creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to activity in the prefrontal cortex during REM sleep?

    <p>It is decreased, affecting logical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Activation Synthesis Hypothesis, what contributes to the creation of dreams?

    <p>Neural impulses generated in the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might dreams serve a function related to memory?

    <p>They help consolidate thoughts into long-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of drugs that can lead to death?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by LSD, leading to hallucinations?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does THC, the active chemical in marijuana, possess?

    <p>It heightens sensitivity to sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might regular users of drugs require higher doses over time?

    <p>Their brain learns to anticipate drug use and adjusts accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy can some hallucinogens provide for PTSD treatment?

    <p>Detachment from painful memories to facilitate acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if someone is exposed to drug cues but does not take the drug?

    <p>They experience a crash below homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of homeostasis in the body?

    <p>To maintain stable internal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of taking the same level of drugs in a new environment?

    <p>Risk of overdose due to lack of conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MCAT 2015 Behavioral Sciences Review

    • AAMC, KHAN ACADEMY, MCAT2015, BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES REVIEW
    • Table of Contents with page numbers for each topic. Topics include Visual Cues, Sensory Adaptation, Weber's Law, Absolute Threshold of Sensation, Somatosensation, Visual Sensory Information, The Vestibular System, Signal Detection Theory, and Gestalt Principles.
    • Additional topics include: Structure of the Eye, Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing, Photoreceptors, Photoreceptor Distribution in Retina, Visual Field Processing, Feature Detection and Parallel Processing, Auditory Structure, Auditory Processing, Somatosensory Homunculus, Proprioception and Kinaesthesia, Pain and Temperature, Olfaction, Gustation, States of Consciousness, Sleep Stages, Dreaming, Dream Theories, Sleep Disorders, Overview of Psychoactive Drugs, Psychoactive Drugs, Drug Dependence, Routes of Drug Entry, Reward Pathway in the Brain, Tolerance, Substance Use Disorders, Divided Attention, Information Processing Models, Memory, Encoding, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Korsakoff syndrome, Schemas, Decision Making, Intelligence, Language, Emotions, Limbic System, Language Components, Emotions, Cerebral Hemispheres, Theories of Emotion, Stress, Physiological Effects, Behavioral Effects, Stress Management, Structure of the Nervous System, Motor Unit, Peripheral, Somatosensation, and additional related subtopics.
    • Topics continue across multiple pages.
    • All topics address behavioral and physiological principles in detail.

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    Description

    Explore essential concepts from psychology in this quiz focusing on classical and operant conditioning, as well as visual perception cues. Test your understanding of learning processes and how we perceive depth and size in our environment. Perfect for students delving into the complexities of behavioral psychology.

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