Psychology Chapter on Aggression
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Questions and Answers

What is a proposed reason for why women may engage more in verbal aggression compared to physical aggression?

  • Women have a higher risk of being physically harmed.
  • Verbal aggression is more accepted socially.
  • Verbal aggression is seen as a stronger form of dominance.
  • Physical aggression threatens the survival of their offspring. (correct)

Which cultural factor did Elizabeth Thomas attribute to low levels of aggression among the !Kung San people?

  • Increased access to resources.
  • Negative views towards aggression instilled from childhood. (correct)
  • A cultural celebration of violence.
  • A legislative prohibition against aggressive acts.

What is one criticism of cross-cultural research on aggression as noted in the content?

  • There may be observer bias and methodological issues. (correct)
  • Results are often inconclusive due to improper sampling.
  • It often fails to consider historical context.
  • It overly focuses on aggressive cultures, neglecting peaceful ones.

How does the 'meaningful roles' approach aim to combat bullying?

<p>By granting bullies responsibilities to promote prosocial behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the evolutionary explanation suggest about bullying behavior?

<p>It can be seen as an adaptive behavior related to seeking status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates aggressive behavior in males according to evolutionary explanations?

<p>Uncertainty about paternity and cuckoldry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mate retention strategy involves monitoring a partner’s behavior?

<p>Direct guarding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women reported needing medical attention due to physical violence linked to mate retention strategies?

<p>73% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to evolutionary theory, what might bullying increase chances of?

<p>Survival and reproductive success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic associated with bullying is considered attractive to females?

<p>Resource acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a reputation for toughness benefit adolescent males?

<p>By lessening exposure to aggression from others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often a method of female bullying according to the content?

<p>Ensuring a partner's fidelity through emotional control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mate retention strategies, what role do negative inducements play?

<p>They threaten dire consequences for infidelity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might bullying have been viewed as maladaptive traditionally?

<p>It results from poor social skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mate retention strategy identified by Wilson and Daly?

<p>Emotional Bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Evolutionary Aggression

Aggression explained by its survival value, like gender differences and adaptive strategies.

Gender Differences (Aggression)

Females potentially use verbal aggression, while males more often use physical aggression, according to evolutionary theory.

Cultural Variation (Aggression)

Aggression varies greatly between cultures, impacting its expression.

Bullying as Adaptive Behavior

Bullying might be seen as a way for bullies to gain advantage (status, power) according to evolutionary theory.

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"Meaningful Roles" Approach

Anti-bullying intervention aiming to decrease bullying benefits and increase prosocial behavior.

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Sexual Jealousy

A strong emotion, primarily in males, triggered by uncertainty about paternity and the threat of cuckoldry for reproductive investment.

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Mate Retention Strategies

Behaviors used to maintain a partner's fidelity, often involving aggression or control.

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Direct Guarding

Mate retention strategy involving constant surveillance over a partner's interactions.

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Negative Inducements

Mate retention strategy involving threats or dire consequences for infidelity.

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Evolutionary Explanation of Bullying

The idea that bullying, driven by power imbalances, might have been a historical adaptive strategy for resources and social standing.

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Male Bullying

Bullying used for dominance, resource acquisition, and to deter rivals, enhancing reproductive success.

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Female Bullying

Bullying used to control partners and secure continued resources, potentially linked to reproductive success.

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Paternity Uncertainty

The lack of certainty about a male's role as the biological father of a child.

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Cuckoldry

Situation where a male unknowingly invests resources (time, energy, or resources) in offspring that aren't his.

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Adaptive Behavior

A behavior that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction.

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