Psychology Chapter: Maslow's Theory and Counseling

The study of how our brain and body work together to influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Chemicals in the brain that transmit signals between nerve cells.

Hormones that regulate our mood, energy levels, and other bodily functions.

Changes in our genes that can influence our mental and physical health.

The passing down of traits from parents to offspring.

A model that explains how our thoughts, beliefs, feelings, behavior, and physiology are all interconnected.

A group of people who share a common perspective or philosophy about a particular subject.

A combined approach that incorporates different elements of various schools of psychology.

Using similar techniques for different client problems, allowing for clarity and efficient problem-solving.

When multiple approaches are blended without considering their compatibility, potentially confusing clients.

Using the same techniques for different client problems, allowing for efficient learning and versatile application.

Choosing techniques based on the client's personality and behavioral patterns.

Choosing techniques based on the client's specific problem, requiring diverse knowledge and adaptability.

A person-centered therapist's belief that fundamentally, humans are inherently good and trustworthy.

A gestalt therapist's view that humans are neither inherently good nor bad. They are complex beings shaped by experiences and choices.

A transactional analysis perspective that assumes people are fundamentally okay, but may have learned unhelpful patterns or coping mechanisms.

The idea that what is right and wrong is determined by the consequences of actions rather than absolute rules.

A theory that emphasizes the importance of meeting basic human needs for well-being and growth.

Adding 'but' after an empathetic statement, and then offering judgments, predisposition concepts, or solutions is detrimental to the therapeutic process.

Offering lectures, advice, or solutions to clients without respecting their autonomy or process can hinder their growth.

Sharing personal stories or experiences with clients that are not relevant to their situation can be disrespectful and unprofessional.

A fundamental principle of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, stating that human beings are always driven to fulfill their wants, even when some are satisfied. These wants are diverse and continuously evolve.

The idea that each individual's perception of reality is unique and should be acknowledged and respected. This is core to Maslow's understanding of human potential.

Maslow believed that psychological issues arise when basic needs are not fulfilled. Failure to satisfy these needs leads to emotional and mental distress.

The idea that all individuals are naturally inclined towards self-actualization, a state of personal growth and fulfillment. This inherent drive motivates us to reach our full potential.

The most basic level of human needs, including requirements for survival such as air, water, food, and sleep.

These needs involve a sense of safety, stability, and order. They are about feeling secure and protected from harm.

The need for belonging, love, and connection. This includes feeling accepted and part of a group, experiencing intimacy, and giving and receiving love.

These needs are about self-worth, recognition, and esteem from others. It's about feeling competent and respected by ourselves and others.

A thought or belief is considered rational if it meets specific criteria, including a high level of evidence, ability to aid problem-solving, and absence of harmful effects.

When evaluating a thought or belief, ask yourself: 'Is there a 100% chance this will happen or is true?'

A rational thought or belief should contribute to problem-solving and overall well-being. Does it help you feel better or handle difficult situations?

Avoid rigid thinking using words like 'must', 'should', or 'have to', which impose unrealistic expectations.

Instead of absolute statements, use flexible language like 'prefer', 'wish', 'want', or 'try my best'.

Recognize that you are not fully in control of every outcome. Focus on what you can influence and accept that some things you can't change.

Create plans to address potential setbacks or unmet expectations. Be prepared for things not going exactly as planned.

By asking a series of questions, we can identify and challenge irrational thoughts and beliefs, helping us to think more rationally and constructively.

Brief, automatic thoughts that pop into our minds about ourselves, others, and the world. They arise from subconscious awareness and can be positive, negative, or neutral.

These are personal perceptions of how things work, influencing how we interpret situations. Intermediate beliefs are like rules or 'shoulds' that apply to various situations.

Shaped in childhood and strengthened over time, core beliefs are rigid and pervasive, often centered on ourselves. They act as a filter through which we view the world.

Cognitive Therapy, or CBT, emphasizes that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected. By changing our thoughts, we can change our feelings and behaviors.

A key principle in CBT is that cognitions affect and cause emotions and behaviour.

Negative or irrational core beliefs are thought to contribute to psychological distress.

CBT principles aim to identify, challenge, and change negative or irrational thoughts and beliefs.

CBT is a type of therapy based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are all interconnected. It aims to help individuals identify, challenge, and change negative thought patterns to improve their emotional well-being.