Psychology Chapter: Consciousness and Dreams
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of consciousness?

Awareness of oneself and one's environment.

What is the definition of preconscious/subconscious?

Information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness.

What is Freud's definition of unconscious?

Reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware but which influences our behavior.

What analogy does Freud use to describe consciousness?

<p>An iceberg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dream analysis?

<p>A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is manifest content according to Freud?

<p>The remembered story line of a dream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an annual cycle?

<p>Cycles that occur in our bodies on a yearly basis, such as SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), birds migrating south, or bears hibernating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 28-day cycle?

<p>Cycles that occur every month, such as a woman's menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a circadian rhythm?

<p>A 24-hour rhythm, such as the body clock (body temperature and wakefulness).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is a sleep cycle?

<p>90 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subliminal messaging?

<p>A signal or message designed to pass below the normal limits of perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is product placement?

<p>Application of subliminal messaging used by advertisers to influence consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is REM sleep?

<p>Unique phase of sleep distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sleep deprivation?

<p>Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration, irritability, and increased risk to physical health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an altered state of consciousness?

<p>Any state which is significantly different from a normative waking beta wave state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypnosis?

<p>A state of highly focused attention or concentration, often associated with relaxation, and heightened suggestibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meditation?

<p>The focusing of attention to a particular stimulus such as breathing or a mantra, which produces relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulant?

<p>Drugs including those that increase activity of the body and are pleasurable and invigorating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallucinogen?

<p>A type of drug that alters perception of reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a depressant?

<p>A drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a narcotic?

<p>Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Consciousness

  • Consciousness is awareness of oneself and one's environment.
  • Preconscious/subconscious information is not currently conscious but retrievable.
  • Unconscious thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories influence behavior, but are not readily accessible.
  • Freud used the iceberg analogy to illustrate levels of consciousness.

Psychoanalytic Dream Analysis

  • Dream analysis is a technique used in psychoanalysis.
  • Manifest content refers to the remembered story in a dream.
  • Latent content is the underlying meaning of a dream, as interpreted by a psychoanalyst.

Biological Rhythms

  • Annual cycles occur over a year, like seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or hibernation.
  • 28-day cycles are monthly, like menstruation.
  • Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles, like body temperature and wakefulness.
  • Sleep cycles are approximately 90 minutes long.

Altered States of Consciousness

  • Subliminal messaging is designed to be perceived below normal awareness.
  • Product placement is a form of subliminal messaging used by advertisers.
  • Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, low muscle tone, and vivid dreaming.
  • Sleep deprivation leads to impaired concentration, irritability, and physical health risks.
  • Altered states of consciousness differ meaningfully from typical waking states.

Techniques and Substances

  • Hypnosis is a state of deep focus, relaxation, and suggestibility.
  • Meditation involves focusing on a stimulus to achieve relaxation.
  • Stimulants increase body activity and produce pleasure and invigoration.
  • Hallucinogens alter perception of reality.
  • Depressants lower neurotransmission, reducing arousal.
  • Narcotics relieve pain and induce sleep.

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Description

Explore the intricate concepts of consciousness, including preconscious, subconscious, and unconscious influences. This quiz also delves into psychoanalytic dream analysis, uncovering the manifest and latent content of dreams. Test your understanding of biological rhythms and altered states of consciousness as well.

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