Psychology Chapter: Childhood Trauma and Mental Health

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key risk factor associated with the development of psychosis?

Adverse genetic predisposition

Familial mental health history

Childhood neglect (correct)

Higher socio-economic status

Which of the following best represents the biological mechanism linked to childhood trauma and psychosis?

Heightened serotonergic activity

Increased dopamine production

Enhanced synaptic pruning

Blunted cortisol response (correct)

Which is NOT considered a component of the 3 E's of trauma?

Experience

Effects

Ego (correct)

Events

According to the Bradford-Hill criteria, what aspect addresses whether trauma alleviation can reduce symptoms of psychosis?

Temporality Signup and view all the answers

What does Trauma Informed Care (TIC) prioritize?

Understanding the impact of trauma on individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 4R’s framework in trauma-informed care?

To recognize and respond to the needs related to trauma Signup and view all the answers

In Trauma-focused CBT for Psychosis, which phase involves goal setting and psychoeducation?

Phase One Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding from the audit on the REVA policy in 2016?

No trusts had imposed the REVA policy effectively Signup and view all the answers

What does the relational focus of trauma-informed care prioritize?

Creating safe and empowering relationships Signup and view all the answers

What impact does trauma-focused therapy aim to have on psychosis-related symptoms?

Effectively address memories related to psychotic symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What critical feedback was received regarding the framing of trauma assessment questions in healthcare?

Many patients did not recognize their experiences as abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an obstacle to implementing trauma-informed care identified in staff surveys?

Lack of training and support resources Signup and view all the answers

In the framework of trauma-informed care, what does 'resists retraumatization' imply?

Preventing institutions from causing further harm Signup and view all the answers

According to NICE guidelines, who should deliver trauma-specific treatments?

Individuals with specific training in trauma care Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of trauma-focused therapy is deemed unique in its application for psychosis?

Integration of memory work into treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with the increased risk of developing psychosis due to childhood trauma?

Duration of childhood adversity Signup and view all the answers

The Bradford-Hill criteria suggest that the link between childhood trauma and psychosis can be established through which aspect?

Strength & consistency demonstrated by randomized controlled trials Signup and view all the answers

What defines trauma according to the provided content?

A subjective interpretation of an event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following psychological responses is NOT typically associated with childhood psychological trauma?

Increased grey matter volume Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is integral to Trauma Informed Care?

Recognizing the impact of trauma on behavior and health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'resists' component of the 4R’s framework primarily emphasize?

Preventing the re-traumatization of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of Trauma-focused CBT for Psychosis involves working on beliefs and emotional regulation?

Phase Three Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant limitation found in the 2016 REVA audit regarding trauma assessment?

Lack of documentation of abuse questions Signup and view all the answers

What does trauma-informed care view trauma as?

Everybody's business that affects multiple aspects of care Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes trauma-focused therapy in its application for psychosis?

Incorporation of memory work and contextualization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common challenge faced by professionals implementing trauma-informed care?

Insufficient training and support for staff Signup and view all the answers

In trauma-informed care, what is the primary focus of relational interactions?

Building relationships that are safe and empowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for delivering trauma-specific treatments?

Trained professionals with specific experience in trauma care Signup and view all the answers

Which emerging evidence suggests a potential benefit of trauma-focused therapies in psychosis?

They may improve memories related to hallucinations. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the 4R’s framework addresses identifying trauma effects that may need further care?

Recognizes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the severity and impact of childhood psychological trauma?

The age of the child during the trauma Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of psychological trauma primarily rely on?

The individual's interpretation of the event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects relates to the biological gradient within the Bradford-Hill criteria?

The amount of trauma correlating with symptom severity Signup and view all the answers

Which process is most likely altered in individuals exposed to childhood trauma, as indicated by research?

Cortisol response Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles of Trauma Informed Care, which aspect is emphasized when interacting with a client?

Recognizing and understanding the impact of trauma Signup and view all the answers

What core principle does the 4R’s framework consider when addressing trauma in organizational settings?

Understanding the impact of trauma Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'responds' aspect of the 4R’s framework primarily involve?

Offering trauma-specific or focused therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of Trauma-focused CBT for Psychosis is particularly dedicated to memory work?

Phase Two - Trauma focused CBT Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant issue identified in the implementation of the REVA policy based on the 2016 audit?

No trusts ordered implementation and poor documentation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of trauma-focused therapy distinguishes it as particularly significant for psychosis treatment?

Memory work Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do healthcare professionals face when assessing trauma in psychosis, as mentioned in the content?

Low confidence in trauma assessment skills Signup and view all the answers

What emerging evidence suggests a beneficial impact of trauma-focused therapies on psychosis?

Trauma-focused therapy addressing memories related to voices Signup and view all the answers

What crucial aspect of trauma-informed care does the relational focus emphasize?

Safe and empowering relationships Signup and view all the answers

What significant recommendation is indicated regarding trauma-specific treatments?

They should be delivered by trained professionals Signup and view all the answers

What can complicate the assessment of trauma in individuals with psychosis?

Difficulty distinguishing between trauma experience and symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the severity and impact of childhood psychological trauma?

Socioeconomic status Signup and view all the answers

Under the Bradford-Hill criteria, what aspect examines the link between the severity of trauma and the intensity of symptoms?

Biological gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the definition of trauma according to the content?

Trauma is characterized by subjective interpretations that vary by individual. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological response is NOT likely to occur in individuals exposed to childhood trauma?

Increased cortisol production Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?

Recognizing the wide array of individual trauma experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the impact of trauma in organizational settings?

Organizations must acknowledge the widespread effects of trauma on everyone involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the 'responds' element in the 4R’s framework?

To access trauma-specific care that responds sensitively to individual needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in Trauma-focused CBT for Psychosis involves memory contextualization?

Phase Two: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge was noted about the implementation of the REVA policy in the audit conducted in 2016?

No training was provided to staff for implementing trauma questions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the relational focus of trauma-informed care?

Collaboration and trust are critical in building relationships that mitigate harm. Signup and view all the answers

In what way is the trauma-focused therapy for psychosis uniquely beneficial?

It includes memory work to address trauma directly related to psychotic experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What common difficulty arises when assessing trauma experiences in individuals with psychosis?

There is often confusion about whether trauma symptoms are from trauma or psychotic experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of trauma-informed care within the context of the UK mental health policies?

To ensure a safe and supportive environment for individuals affected by trauma. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized obstacle to implementing trauma-informed care, according to staff surveys?

Lack of confidence in skills and insufficient training. Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings on trauma treatment effectiveness, which of the following therapies showed small effects on psychotic symptoms?

Trauma-focused therapies targeting memory processing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freud's Perspective on Childhood Trauma and Mental Health

Freud's work in the 1890s linked childhood sexual abuse to mental health disorders, suggesting that early experiences have lasting impacts.
More research is needed to understand the mechanisms.

Childhood Psychological Trauma

Adverse experiences during childhood increase risk of psychosis by threefold.
Neglect, physical, sexual, or emotional abuse are key adverse events.
Duration, number, and type of adversity matter.
Timing of adversity (childhood, adolescence, adulthood) influences impact.
Population risk with childhood trauma is 30%.

Mechanisms Linking Trauma and Psychosis

Several psychological and neurological processes are involved.
Childhood trauma is linked to grey matter volume alterations.
Individuals with psychosis and a history of childhood trauma often show a blunted cortisol response.
Trauma can induce epigenetic changes that increase psychosis risk.

Bradford-Hill Criteria for Link Between Trauma and Psychosis

Strong, consistent relationships (meta-analysis) between childhood trauma and psychosis.
Trauma precedes symptoms (reversed link needs investigation).
Dose–response relationship (more severe trauma, more severe symptoms).
Biological mechanisms (HPA axis, brain alterations, dopamine system).

Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)

A system-wide approach, not a stand-alone intervention, ensuring trauma-related needs are met and risk of re-traumatization is reduced.
Applicable to any organization.
Emphasizes a relational focus (safe, trustworthy, collaborative, empowering).
Recognizes the "widespread impact" of trauma.
Aims to "respond" sensitively and provide trauma-focused interventions.
"Resists" retraumatization.
Uses a "routine inquiry" approach which is a crucial part of this.

Defining Trauma

Trauma is subjective; what constitutes trauma depends on individual interpretation (especially those with neurodiversity).
Trauma in relation to psychosis can come before, occur alongside, or as a result of it.
The '3 Es': Events, Experience, and Effects. Effects are most important clinically.

Trauma-Informed Care for Psychosis & Recommendations and Challenges

Trauma-informed mental health policies are essential (e.g. NHS).
Trauma-specific/focused therapies are important for those with specialized training.
CBT for psychosis can be a trauma-informed approach.
Trauma-focused CBT includes memory work, unique to this treatment approach.

Trauma-Focused CBT for Psychosis: Structure and Phases

Assessment, goal setting, formulation, and psycho-education (Phase One).
Memory exploration to contextualize and elaborate trauma memories (Phase Two).
Cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation associated with beliefs, experiences, and appraisals (Phase Three).

Research on TIC in the UK

Routine enquiry about trauma (REVA policy).
Current version of REVA policy does not adequately account for or account for discrimination.
A version exists but its implementation and practical application require improvement.
Difficulties in assessing trauma for psychosis: distinguishing trauma from psychotic symptoms (e.g. delusions).
Staff lack of confidence, training, and resources are roadblocks, and REVA does not offer specific support for trauma-informed care.
Further development is needed to ensure thorough implementation, support, and training.

Efficacy of Trauma-Focused Therapy in Psychosis

Limited evidence of significant long-term positive impacts on hallucinations or negative symptoms.
Emerging evidence shows some benefits in managing delusions and hallucinations.

Future Directions

Research into optimal TIC approaches for psychosis is necessary.
Trauma’s multifaceted nature makes studying TIC challenges.
STAR trial (randomized controlled trial of trauma-focused therapy for psychosis).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the significant connections between childhood trauma and mental health issues through the lens of Freud's theories. This quiz delves into the mechanisms of trauma, the impact of adverse childhood experiences, and their links to psychosis. Understand the psychological and neurological changes that arise from traumatic experiences in childhood.