122 Questions
What are some challenges in PTSD assessment?
Diverse traumatic events, gathering information without detailed questions, and individuals not meeting Criterion A
What is a notable risk factor for PTSD?
Sexual assault
Which occupations are at an increased risk for PTSD?
First responders and military personnel
What is moral injury in the context of PTSD?
Resulting from events violating moral beliefs, leading to guilt, shame, and loss of trust
What are some treatments for PTSD?
Exposure-based methods, SSRI medications, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
When can acute stress disorder be diagnosed?
Within 3 days to 1 month after the event
When are adjustment disorders diagnosed?
When PTSD criteria are not met, involving emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors
What is reactive attachment disorder?
Involves the inability to form healthy attachments due to abusive early experiences
What can result from trauma in the context of dissociative disorders?
Depersonalization/derealization disorder, amnesia, and identity disorder
What is dissociation in the context of PTSD?
A disruption of consciousness and identity, which can be both a symptom of PTSD and a distinct mental disorder
What is the 12-month prevalence of Dissociative Amnesia in adults?
1.8%
What is the primary characteristic of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?
Persistent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both
What is the primary characteristic of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Involves distinct personalities known as 'alters'
What is integration in the context of dissociation?
Organization of all aspects of personality
What can lead to the development of trauma-related parts in dissociation?
Disjointed systems
What is the estimated average number of alters in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) cases?
15
What percentage of DID cases have childhood trauma?
97%
What caution did the Canadian Psychiatric Association issue regarding childhood memories recovered in adulthood?
Reliability and need for corroboration
What can lab experiments demonstrate about distinguishing recovered and fake memories in DID cases?
80% faking DID to escape a pretend murder charge
What is the potential consequence of therapists reinforcing DID symptoms in highly suggestible patients?
Potential false reporting of trauma
What sets the stage for the discussion on schizophrenia in the next class, according to the text?
The rarest, most controversial, and least well understood disorders
Which type of therapy focuses on the body and sensory experiences?
Bottom-up therapy
What is a key feature that distinguishes Complex PTSD from PTSD?
Continuous exposure to traumatic events
According to the DSM-5, how long should specific symptoms and impairment last for a diagnosis of PTSD?
At least one month
What is a potential consequence of early trauma on a child's self-concept and identity development?
Deep sense of being 'bad' or 'unwanted'
What are the additional symptoms of Complex PTSD, beyond those of PTSD?
Problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships
What type of events are included in the ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD?
Threatening or horrific events
What may traumatized children struggle with due to being 'stuck' in their brainstem or limbic system?
Planning, problem-solving, and organizing
What is a potential consequence of early trauma on a child's relationship with school and performance?
Preoccupation with school and performance as a means to earn love
What is the ICD-11 International Classification of Disease for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics?
The international standard for recording and reporting mortality and morbidity data
What do the DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD include as ways of exposure to traumatic events?
Direct experience, witnessing the event, or learning about it happening to a close family member or friend
What are examples of strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders?
Dissociative disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder
Which part of the brain is involved in emotional development and memory?
Limbic brain
What is the function of the brainstem?
Breathing and heart rate regulation
What term describes the structural and functional changes in response to experiences and environmental influences?
Neuroplasticity
What do traumatised children often experience in terms of cognitive skills?
Under-developed cognitive skills
Early experiences do not impact brain development
False
The reptilian brain is responsible for basic functions like breathing and heart rate
True
Traumatized children often have overconnectivity in brain parts required for survival
True
Cortical brain develops first in brain development
False
Complex PTSD develops following exposure to single traumatic events, similar to PTSD
False
The DSM-5 criteria for PTSD include exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
True
Continuous exposure to traumatic events is a key feature of Complex PTSD
True
Bottom-up therapies focus on cognitive and psychological processes
False
The ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD include re-experiencing, deliberate avoidance, and persistent perceptions of heightened current threat
True
Complex PTSD is characterized by alterations in the perception of self and difficulties in relationships
True
ICD-11 is the international standard for recording and reporting mortality and morbidity data
True
The DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD include learning about traumatic events happening to a close family member or friend
True
The limbic system is primarily involved in cognitive skills and problem-solving
False
Dissociative disorders are examples of strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders
True
The ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD include exposure to threatening or horrific events, re-experiencing, and severe problems in affect regulation
True
Continuous exposure to traumatic events is a key feature of PTSD, whereas Complex PTSD can result from a single traumatic event
False
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder involves experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both, causing no distress or impairment in functioning.
False
Dissociative Amnesia is characterized by an inability to recall important autobiographical information, and it has a 12-month prevalence of 1.8% in adults.
True
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) involves distinct personalities known as 'alters,' and it causes marked continuity in sense of self and memory gaps.
False
Integration refers to the organization of all aspects of personality, and dissociation is a success of integration, often stemming from chronic trauma.
False
Disjointed systems in dissociation can lead to the development of trauma-related parts, causing the individual to feel whole.
False
Clinical characteristics of DID include an estimated average of 15 alters, childhood trauma in 97% of cases, and low suggestibility.
False
DID patients are highly suggestible, and their symptoms may be reinforced by therapists, leading to potential false reporting of trauma.
True
Distinguishing between recovered and fake memories can be challenging, as demonstrated by lab experiments showing 80% faking DID to escape a pretend murder charge.
False
The Canadian Psychiatric Association cautioned about the reliability of childhood memories recovered in adulthood and the need for corroboration.
True
The most fascinating disorders are often the rarest, most controversial, and least well understood, setting the stage for the discussion on schizophrenia in the next class.
True
Challenges in PTSD assessment include diverse traumatic events, gathering information without detailed questions, and individuals not meeting Criterion A
True
Prevalence of PTSD is low among those who experience traumatic events, with sexual assault being a notable risk factor
False
Moral injury, resulting from events violating moral beliefs, is a distinct aspect of PTSD and may lead to guilt, shame, and loss of trust
True
Incident debriefing immediately after a traumatic event can be damaging, and acute stress disorder can be diagnosed within 3 days to 1 month after the event
True
Adjustment disorders are diagnosed when PTSD criteria are not met, involving emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors
True
Reactive attachment disorder involves the inability to form healthy attachments due to abusive early experiences
True
Dissociative disorders, including depersonalization/derealization disorder, amnesia, and identity disorder, can result from trauma
True
Dissociation, a disruption of consciousness and identity, can be both a symptom of PTSD and a distinct mental disorder
True
Certain occupations, such as first responders and military personnel, have an increased risk for PTSD
True
The prevalence of PTSD is low among those who experience traumatic events
False
Treatment for PTSD includes exposure-based methods, SSRI medications, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
True
Other related disorders include attachment disorders, dissociative disorders, and excoriation disorder
True
Which part of the brain develops first in early brain development?
The brainstem
What is the term for the structural and functional changes in response to experiences and environmental influences?
Neuroplasticity
What do traumatised children often experience in terms of cognitive skills?
Underdeveloped cognitive skills
What is the potential consequence of therapists reinforcing DID symptoms in highly suggestible patients?
Potential false reporting of trauma
What is the term for the structural and functional changes in response to experiences and environmental influences?
Neuroplasticity
What consequences may traumatized children experience due to being 'stuck' in their brainstem or limbic system?
Overconnectivity in survival-related brain parts and underconnectivity in cognition-related brain parts
What is the primary characteristic of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Distinct personalities known as 'alters' and marked continuity in sense of self and memory gaps
What may chronically traumatized children often experience in terms of cognitive skills?
Under-developed cognitive skills
Describe three challenges in PTSD assessment.
Diverse traumatic events, gathering information without detailed questions, and individuals not meeting Criterion A
Who has an increased risk for PTSD based on their occupation?
First responders and military personnel
What is moral injury in the context of PTSD?
Events violating moral beliefs, leading to guilt, shame, and loss of trust
What are the treatment methods for PTSD?
Exposure-based methods, SSRI medications, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
What is the potential consequence of incident debriefing immediately after a traumatic event?
It can be damaging
What is the diagnostic criteria for adjustment disorders?
Involving emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors
What are some related disorders to PTSD?
Attachment disorders, dissociative disorders, and excoriation disorder
What is reactive attachment disorder?
Involves the inability to form healthy attachments due to abusive early experiences
What are some examples of dissociative disorders?
Depersonalization/derealization disorder, amnesia, and identity disorder
What is dissociation in the context of PTSD?
A disruption of consciousness and identity, a symptom of PTSD and a distinct mental disorder
What is the potential consequence of early trauma on a child's ability to form healthy attachments?
Struggle with forming healthy attachments due to abusive early experiences
What can result in dissociative disorders according to the text?
Trauma
What is the difference between PTSD and Complex PTSD according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria?
The DSM-5 criteria for PTSD include exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, along with specific symptoms and impairment lasting for at least one month. The ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD include exposure to threatening or horrific events, re-experiencing, deliberate avoidance, and persistent perceptions of heightened current threat, along with severe problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships.
How does early trauma impact a child's self-concept and identity development?
Early trauma can lead to a deep sense of being 'bad' or 'unwanted' in a child's self-concept and identity development.
What are some additional symptoms of Complex PTSD compared to PTSD?
Some additional symptoms of Complex PTSD include problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships.
What are the key features that distinguish Complex PTSD from PTSD?
Continuous exposure to traumatic events is a key feature of Complex PTSD, whereas PTSD can result from a single traumatic event. Complex PTSD is also characterized by alterations in the perception of self and difficulties in relationships.
What role do caregivers play in a child's self-concept and identity development, especially in the context of early trauma?
Caregivers play a crucial role in a child's self-concept and identity development, with early trauma potentially leading to a deep sense of being 'bad' or 'unwanted.'
What are the primary focuses of bottom-up and top-down therapies in the context of trauma?
Bottom-up therapies focus on the body and sensory experiences, while top-down approaches focus on cognitive and psychological processes.
What are some potential cognitive challenges that traumatized children may experience?
Traumatized children may struggle with planning, problem-solving, organizing, and learning from mistakes due to being 'stuck' in their brainstem or limbic system.
What is the primary characteristic of Complex PTSD according to the ICD-11 criteria?
Persistent perceptions of heightened current threat, along with severe problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships, are primary characteristics of Complex PTSD according to the ICD-11 criteria.
How does early trauma impact a child's preoccupation with school and performance?
Early trauma can lead to a preoccupation with school and performance as a means to earn love.
What are some examples of strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders?
Examples of strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders include dissociative disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.
What is the key feature of Complex PTSD in terms of exposure to traumatic events?
Continuous exposure to traumatic events is a key feature of Complex PTSD.
What are the key differences in the criteria for PTSD and Complex PTSD according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11?
The DSM-5 criteria for PTSD include exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, along with specific symptoms and impairment lasting for at least one month. The ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD include exposure to threatening or horrific events, re-experiencing, deliberate avoidance, and persistent perceptions of heightened current threat, along with severe problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships.
Explain the clinical characteristics of Dissociative Amnesia.
Dissociative Amnesia is characterized by an inability to recall important autobiographical information and has a 12-month prevalence of 1.8% in adults.
What is the primary characteristic of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) involves distinct personalities known as 'alters' and causes marked discontinuity in sense of self and memory gaps.
Define integration and dissociation in the context of personality.
Integration refers to the organization of all aspects of personality, while dissociation is a failure of integration, often stemming from chronic trauma.
How can disjointed systems in dissociation lead to the development of trauma-related parts?
Disjointed systems in dissociation can lead to the development of trauma-related parts, causing the individual to feel fragmented.
What are some clinical characteristics of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Clinical characteristics of DID include an estimated average of 15 alters, childhood trauma in 97% of cases, and high suggestibility.
What caution did the Canadian Psychiatric Association issue regarding childhood memories recovered in adulthood?
The Canadian Psychiatric Association cautioned about the reliability of childhood memories recovered in adulthood and the need for corroboration.
Why is it challenging to distinguish between recovered and fake memories in cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Distinguishing between recovered and fake memories can be challenging, as demonstrated by lab experiments showing 80% faking DID to escape a pretend murder charge.
What potential consequence can arise from therapists reinforcing DID symptoms in highly suggestible patients?
DID patients are highly suggestible, and their symptoms may be reinforced by therapists, leading to potential false reporting of trauma.
What is the estimated average number of alters in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) cases?
An estimated average of 15 alters is present in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) cases.
What are the clinical characteristics of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder involves persistent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both, causing distress or impairment in functioning.
What sets the stage for the discussion on schizophrenia in the next class, according to the text?
The most fascinating disorders are often the rarest, most controversial, and least well understood, setting the stage for the discussion on schizophrenia in the next class.
What is the potential impact of chronic trauma on integration and dissociation?
Integration refers to the organization of all aspects of personality, and dissociation is a failure of integration, often stemming from chronic trauma.
What is the order of brain development in early childhood, from the earliest to the latest?
Brainstem, limbic brain, cortical brain
What is the term for structural and functional changes in response to experiences and environmental influences?
Neuroplasticity
What is the potential consequence of early trauma on cognition in children?
Under-developed cognitive skills
What is the primary function of the cortical brain in the context of brain development?
Rational thinking, learning, inhibiting
Study Notes
Effects of Trauma on Children and Complex PTSD
- Traumatized children may struggle with planning, problem-solving, and organizing, as well as learning from mistakes, due to being "stuck" in their brainstem or limbic system.
- Early trauma can lead to a preoccupation with school and performance as a means to earn love.
- Caregivers play a crucial role in a child's self-concept and identity development, with early trauma potentially leading to a deep sense of being "bad" or "unwanted."
- Complex PTSD develops following exposure to prolonged or repetitive events of an extremely threatening or horrific nature, with additional symptoms beyond those of PTSD, such as problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships.
- The DSM-5 criteria for PTSD include exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, along with specific symptoms and impairment lasting for at least one month.
- The ICD-11 criteria for Complex PTSD include exposure to threatening or horrific events, re-experiencing, deliberate avoidance, and persistent perceptions of heightened current threat, along with severe problems in affect regulation and difficulties in sustaining relationships.
- Continuous exposure to traumatic events is a key feature of Complex PTSD, whereas PTSD can result from a single traumatic event.
- Complex PTSD is characterized by alterations in the perception of self and difficulties in relationships.
- Bottom-up therapies focus on the body and sensory experiences, while top-down approaches focus on cognitive and psychological processes.
- Examples of strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders include dissociative disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.
- DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD include specific ways of exposure to traumatic events, such as direct experience, witnessing the event, or learning about it happening to a close family member or friend.
- The ICD-11 International Classification of Disease for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics is the international standard for recording and reporting mortality and morbidity data.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Assessment and Treatment
- DSM-5 Criteria outlines the conditions for PTSD, including exposure to death, injury, or sexual violence and associated symptoms
- Challenges in PTSD assessment include diverse traumatic events, gathering information without detailed questions, and individuals not meeting Criterion A
- Prevalence of PTSD is low among those who experience traumatic events, with sexual assault being a notable risk factor
- Certain occupations, such as first responders and military personnel, have an increased risk for PTSD
- Moral injury, resulting from events violating moral beliefs, is a distinct aspect of PTSD and may lead to guilt, shame, and loss of trust
- Treatment for PTSD includes exposure-based methods, SSRI medications, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
- Incident debriefing immediately after a traumatic event can be damaging, and acute stress disorder can be diagnosed within 3 days to 1 month after the event
- Adjustment disorders are diagnosed when PTSD criteria are not met, involving emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors
- Other related disorders include attachment disorders, dissociative disorders, and excoriation disorder
- Reactive attachment disorder involves the inability to form healthy attachments due to abusive early experiences
- Dissociative disorders, including depersonalization/derealization disorder, amnesia, and identity disorder, can result from trauma
- Dissociation, a disruption of consciousness and identity, can be both a symptom of PTSD and a distinct mental disorder
Dissociative Disorders and Their Clinical Characteristics
- Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder involves persistent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both, causing distress or impairment in functioning.
- Dissociative Amnesia is characterized by an inability to recall important autobiographical information, and it has a 12-month prevalence of 1.8% in adults.
- Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) involves distinct personalities known as "alters," and it causes marked discontinuity in sense of self and memory gaps.
- Integration refers to the organization of all aspects of personality, and dissociation is a failure of integration, often stemming from chronic trauma.
- Disjointed systems in dissociation can lead to the development of trauma-related parts, causing the individual to feel fragmented.
- Clinical characteristics of DID include an estimated average of 15 alters, childhood trauma in 97% of cases, and high suggestibility.
- DID patients are highly suggestible, and their symptoms may be reinforced by therapists, leading to potential false reporting of trauma.
- Distinguishing between recovered and fake memories can be challenging, as demonstrated by lab experiments showing 80% faking DID to escape a pretend murder charge.
- The Canadian Psychiatric Association cautioned about the reliability of childhood memories recovered in adulthood and the need for corroboration.
- The most fascinating disorders are often the rarest, most controversial, and least well understood, setting the stage for the discussion on schizophrenia in the next class.
Test your knowledge of the effects of trauma on children and Complex PTSD with this quiz. Explore the impact of early trauma on a child's development, the criteria for Complex PTSD, and the differences between PTSD and Complex PTSD. Delve into therapeutic approaches and strategies related to trauma and stressor-related disorders.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
