Psychology Chapter 8 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is procedural memory?

A type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things.

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

Learning a new dance move

Having a conversation with a friend

Going over a song's lyrics repeatedly

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV (correct)

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

Amygdala

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

Being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics Signup and view all the answers

_____________ encoding is the encoding of images.

Visual Signup and view all the answers

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

Elaborative rehearsal involves _______________.

Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?

Equipotentiality hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.

Encoding failure Signup and view all the answers

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit Signup and view all the answers

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ______________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Flashbulb memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information. Signup and view all the answers

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ______________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

Bias Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about encoding is incorrect?

Encoding is the process of retrieving information from memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is related to emotional processing Signup and view all the answers

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

Explicit memory Signup and view all the answers

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Change the word 'transitional' to the word 'sensory'. Signup and view all the answers

Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.

How to use the phone Signup and view all the answers

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

Another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

Sensory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Procedural and Implicit Memory

Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory that retains how to perform tasks or actions without conscious awareness.
Implicit memories operate outside of conscious recall, contrasting with explicit memories that require active recollection.

Types of Encoding

Semantic encoding involves associating new information with existing knowledge, exemplified by remembering the rainbow colors using the acronym ROY-G-BIV.
Acoustic encoding allows one to recall melodies or tunes without knowing the lyrics, highlighting how sound aids memory.
Visual encoding refers to processing images, crucial for memory formation.

Brain and Memory Processing

The amygdala is central to processing emotional responses, particularly fear related to stimuli such as snakes.
The equipotentiality hypothesis posits that if one brain region is damaged, other areas may compensate for its memory functions.

Memory Failure and Distortion

Encoding failure occurs when information is never encoded due to lack of attention, illustrated by an inability to recall the orientation of a quarter.
Memory bias can distorting recollections based on current emotions or beliefs, such as forgetting positive experiences linked to a traumatic breakup.

Memory Types

Implicit memory, often encapsulated in the phrase "you never forget how to ride a bike," pertains to skills and tasks learned through practice.
Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed recollections of significant events, like the Kennedy assassination.

Stroop Effect and Reaction Time

The Stroop effect demonstrates that conflicting information leads to slower reaction times in processing, emphasizing the cognitive load of competing stimuli.

Memory Stages

For memory to be stored, it must transition through distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (correcting "transitional" to "sensory").

Explicit Memory

Explicit memory is characterized by conscious thought — actively recalling facts, such as the names of all 50 states.

Sensory Memory

Sensory memory captures brief experiences, like sights, sounds, and tastes, serving as the first stage of information retention before further processing takes place.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Psychology Chapter 8, including types of memory and brain functions associated with emotions. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of procedural memory and semantic encoding with practical examples.