Psychology Chapter 8: Mental Illness

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Questions and Answers

How can majority societal norms affect minority religious practices?

They can marginalize and label them as deviant. (correct)

They encourage acceptance of all beliefs.

They enhance the visibility of minority beliefs.

They have no impact on religious practices.

What role does religious belief systems typically play in defining behaviors?

They are purely personal and do not influence behavior.

They help establish a moral framework for members. (correct)

They only dictate political views.

They promote deviant behaviors among members.

What is one way religious groups exert influence over their members?

By ensuring conformity to moral codes. (correct)

By promoting individualism.

By encouraging rebellion against norms.

By allowing absolute freedom in beliefs.

In what ways can religious institutions impact broader societal norms?

They can shape policies and guide social reforms. Signup and view all the answers

How do moral codes established by religious groups affect their community?

They provide a sense of identity and belonging. Signup and view all the answers

What controversial behaviors are sometimes observed within religious contexts?

Criminal acts, such as child sexual abuse. Signup and view all the answers

What can religious groups historically advocate for, aside from conservative views?

Social justice and human rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect emphasizes the sociological perspective on religion?

Religion acts as a social institution affecting community. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of stigmatization on individuals with mental disorders?

They feel marked by society. Signup and view all the answers

How does the media contribute to the stigma surrounding mental illness?

By reinforcing negative stereotypes through various depictions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of watching the movie 'Joker' (2019) on public attitudes towards mental illness?

It increased prejudice against people with mental health disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What perception do many people hold regarding individuals with mental disorders?

They are making excuses for their behavior. Signup and view all the answers

In an evolutionary ranking, how do people with mental illnesses compare to violent criminals?

They are ranked similarly to violent criminals. Signup and view all the answers

What effect do visual representations in the media have on public perceptions of mental illness?

They reinforce negative stereotypes of individuals with mental illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

How do phrases like 'man up' or 'suck it up' impact perceptions of mental illness?

They reinforce stigma and negative views about mental illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

What common stereotype is associated with individuals who have mental health issues as portrayed in media?

They are portrayed as unpredictable and dangerous. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of advocacy groups working on mental health issues?

To reduce social rejection and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which group is specifically mentioned as facing high risks of suicide among Indigenous communities?

Indigenous youth Signup and view all the answers

What criticism has been directed towards the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?

It has faced accusations of being influenced by the pharmaceutical industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding of David Rosenhan's study, 'Being Sane in Insane Places'?

Diagnostic labels can lead to biased interpretations of behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is associated with the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC)?

Focusing on suicide prevention Signup and view all the answers

What approach have programs addressing self-determination in Indigenous Communities taken?

Encouraging cultural continuity and resilience Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the psychiatric labels given in the study conducted by Rosenhan?

Normal behaviors were overlooked due to bias Signup and view all the answers

Which condition was pathologized and classified as a disorder in the DSM until 1973?

Homosexuality Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of education in residential schools for Indigenous children?

To teach white settler beliefs and practices Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did parental consent have on Indigenous children being taken into residential schools?

Indigenous children were wards of the state, making consent unnecessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is highlighted for its intersection with the religious and political systems in the context of residential schools?

The Victorian child-savers movement Signup and view all the answers

What form of abuse was prevalent in residential schools attended by Indigenous children?

Sexual and physical abuse Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence faced by communities that resisted government control regarding residential schools?

Loss of resources or arrest Signup and view all the answers

What major recognition occurred in the 1990s regarding the abuses in residential schools?

Government acknowledgment of the trauma Signup and view all the answers

What type of compensation was provided to survivors of residential schools?

Financial compensation and funding for healing initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What initiative was created to document the stories of survivors of residential schools?

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Signup and view all the answers

How do belief systems impact the perception of deviance in society?

They can make certain actions acceptable or deviant based on the group's norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how a belief system might be considered deviant?

Early Christianity viewed as deviant by the dominant society. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do belief systems serve as social typers of deviance?

They define behaviors based on their interpretation of norms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates how scientific paradigms can define deviance?

Rejecting new theories that contradict established knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of religious doctrines in relation to deviance?

They can label actions like adultery as deviant. Signup and view all the answers

How can belief systems lead to the identification of deviance?

By providing a framework through which behaviors are judged. Signup and view all the answers

What role do political ideologies play in defining deviance?

They provide a strict framework for defining right and wrong behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dual roles of religion and science in relation to deviance?

They act as both belief systems and frameworks for judging deviance. Signup and view all the answers

How do belief systems influence societal behaviors?

They regulate beliefs and actions, establishing norms and social control. Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the nature of religious belief systems in this context?

They are social constructs that shape personal and societal understanding of deviance. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to view religion as a social organization?

It reveals how religion interacts with social structures and dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

What role do places of worship play in a community?

They act as central hubs for social interaction, moral guidance, and community engagement. Signup and view all the answers

How can a person's religious affiliation affect their perception within a community?

It may result in varying perceptions based on the cultural context of the majority. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a belief system is viewed as deviant?

It can lead to criticism and distancing by those outside the belief system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of analyzing religion beyond just beliefs?

It enhances understanding of the organizational role of religion in society. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the complex interaction between belief systems and deviance?

Belief systems can define what is deviant or acceptable within a society. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Textbook Notes: Chapter 8

Mental illness is often associated with alienation and perceived as less competent, human, or safe.
Dimensions of mental illness include the experience of the disorder (symptoms) and the social dimension (how others perceive and treat those with mental disorders).
Research on mental illness focuses on objective aspects (prevalence, treatment costs, patterns) and subjective aspects (stigmatization, personal experiences, social construction).
A mental disorder is defined as psychological, biological, or behavioral dysfunctions that significantly disrupt daily life, involve altered thinking, mood, or behavior with distress or impaired functioning, and last for more than a short period.

Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic criteria are defined by the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and ICD (International Classification of Diseases).
These manuals outline specific behaviors, thoughts, and moods that qualify as mental disorders.

Mental Illness vs. Mental Health

Mental illness and poor mental health are not interchangeable.
One can experience psychological distress without a mental disorder.
Mental disorders can be managed, leading to good mental health.

Prevalence of Mental Illness

Mental illness affects many Canadians directly and indirectly (family, friends, co-workers).
Globally, the prevalence of mental illness increased by 13% between 2007 and 2017.
20% of people will experience mental illness every year.
50% of people will experience a mental disorder by age 40.

Higher-risk groups include LGBTQ2IA+, immigrants, refugees, ethnocultural minorities, racialized groups, and certain occupations (first responders).
Social and biological factors contribute.

Etiology of Mental Illness

Mental illness is influenced by genetic, biological, psychological factors.
Social factors such as exposure to childhood adversity (abuse, neglect, substance abuse) can increase the risk of mental illness in adulthood.

Mental illness is influenced by social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental factors.
These factors include national policies, living standards, working conditions, and community support.

Socioeconomic Status & Mental Illness

Socioeconomic status is a major predictor of mental illness.
Low income, financial insecurity, and poverty are linked to increased risk for several mental health issues.
Some research explores the relationship between lower socioeconomic status and the development of mental illness, using social causation or selection hypothesis.

Causation vs. Selection

Social causation hypothesis argues that greater life stress and lack of resources in lower socioeconomic classes lead to more instances of mental illness.
Social selection hypothesis suggests that individuals with mental disorders may experience lower socioeconomic status due to impaired daily functioning.

Interaction of Socioeconomic Status & Mental Illness

The relationship between socioeconomic status and mental illness may differ across the life span.
Selection effects are more visible in earlier phases, while social causation is expected to be more prominent in later adult stages.

Economic Factors

Recessions frequently result in increased rates of mental health problems, including suicide and mood disorders.
The impact of the Greek recession on mental illnesses, including suicide, was noted.

Mental Illness & COVID-19

COVID-19 has had a significant negative impact on mental health, impacting social relationships, leading to increased rates of depression and anxiety.
Social isolation, and disrupted social routines were key factors.
Mental health concerns were higher for youth and seniors, particularly those in long-term care facilities.

Socioeconomic Status & Age Correlation:

Socioeconomic status is a key predictor of mental health, alongside age.
Youth experience higher rates of mental health issues than other age groups, and most adult mental disorders originate in childhood.

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Description

This quiz explores Chapter 8 of psychology, focusing on mental illness and its various dimensions, including social perceptions and diagnostic criteria. It covers the definitions, symptoms, and the impact of mental disorders on daily life. Additionally, it delves into the DSM and ICD manuals that define mental disorders.