Psychology Chapter 7 - Sensory Receptors

Touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.

Special sense receptors are either complex sensory organs like the eyes and ears or localized clusters like taste buds, unlike general receptors that are widespread.

About 1 inch or 2.5 cm.

<p>The eyelids and a cushion of fat, along with the bony walls of the orbit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extrinsic eye muscles, eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory inputs, such as vision detecting a moving ball, can trigger motor outputs that help us react, like moving out of the ball's path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances our overall perception of the world, allowing us to interpret complex stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior part of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cornea acts as a 'window' that allows light to enter the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sclera consists of thick white connective tissue that provides structure and protection to the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rods and cones are the photoreceptor cells in the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Touching the cornea triggers blinking and increased tear production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The optic disc is significant because it lacks photoreceptors, resulting in a blind spot in the visual field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cornea can be transplanted from one person to another without rejection concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical signals pass from photoreceptors through bipolar cells to ganglion cells, then leave the retina via the optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve endings in the cornea primarily respond to pain stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light rays from a distant object are nearly parallel and can be focused without changes in lens convexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lens bulges more to accommodate the diverging light rays from a close object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refraction is the bending of light rays when they pass through substances of different densities in the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astigmatism is a condition where the cornea's curvature prevents light rays from focusing evenly on the retina, leading to blurred vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accommodation is the process of adjusting the eye's lens shape to focus on objects at varying distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light rays from close objects tend to scatter and diverge as they approach the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emmetropia is the term for normal vision where light is focused directly on the retina without refractive errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperopia, or farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus behind the retina, making it difficult to see close objects clearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lateral rectus muscle moves the eye laterally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior oblique muscle is controlled by cranial nerve IV, the trochlear nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The medial rectus muscle moves the eye medially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior rectus and inferior oblique muscles are responsible for elevating the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior rectus muscle depresses the eye and turns it medially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior oblique muscle elevates the eye and turns it laterally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior oblique muscle depresses the eye and turns it laterally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conjunctiva protects the eye and supports the movement of the extrinsic eye muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emmetropia is the state of the eye where images are correctly focused on the retina, allowing for clear vision. It is called 'harmonious vision' because all distances can be seen clearly and in focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myopia, or nearsightedness, occurs when distant objects are focused in front of the retina due to an eyeball that is too long, a lens that is too strong, or a curved cornea. This results in clear vision for nearby objects but blurry vision for distant ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concave corrective lenses are needed for myopia; they diverge light rays before they enter the eye, allowing the focus to be correctly directed onto the retina. This compensates for the eye's inability to do so naturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperopia, or farsightedness, occurs when parallel light rays from distant objects are focused behind the retina, often due to an eyeball that is too short or a 'lazy' lens. This contrasts with myopia, where distant objects are incorrectly focused in front of the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nearsightedness is primarily caused by an eyeball that is too long or a lens that is too strong, causing light rays from distant objects to converge before reaching the retina. This physiological change alters the focus point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lens accommodates by bulging to focus on nearby objects, which is essential for clear near vision. This dynamic adjustment helps the eye maintain focus on varying distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ciliary muscle changes the shape of the lens, allowing it to focus properly on objects at different distances. When relaxed, it enables distance vision by flattening the lens to focus light accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the resting eye during hyperopia, the focus of light rays from distant objects falls behind the retina. This occurs because the eye may be too short or the lens not robust enough to focus light appropriately.</p> Signup and view all the answers