Overview of Senses and Sensory Receptors

What is the ability to perceive stimuli?

What is conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons?

What are sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli by developing action potentials?

What are sense receptors that provide information about the body and environment?

What are sense receptors that provide information about internal organs, pain, and pressure?

What are the two types of general senses?

What are the special senses?

What type of receptors detect movement or mechanical stimuli, such as touch, pressure, and vibration?

What type of receptors detect chemicals, such as odor molecules?

What type of receptors detect light, such as rods and cones in the eye?

What type of receptors detect temperature changes?

What type of receptors detect pain?

What type of touch receptor detects light touch and pressure, located on the underside of the epidermis and along the sides of hair shafts?

What type of touch receptor is located on hair follicles and detects light touch?

What type of touch receptor is located deep in the epidermis and is involved in fine, discriminative (specific) sensations?

What type of touch receptor is located deep in the dermis and detects continuous pressure on the skin?

What is the deepest type of touch receptor, located deep in the dermis and associated with tendons and joints, detecting deep pressure, vibration, and position?

What is an unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience?

What type of pain is sharp, pricking, or cutting pain with rapid action potentials?

What type of pain is burning or aching pain with slower action potentials?

What type of pain control involves suppressing action potentials from pain receptors in local areas by chemicals injected near sensory nerves?

What type of pain control involves loss of consciousness by chemicals affecting the reticular formation?

What is pain that is felt in a region that is not the source of the pain stimulus, often felt when internal organs are damaged or inflamed?

How does referred pain occur?

What is the sense of smell?

What are chemicals that trigger the sense of smell?

Where are olfactory receptors located?

How many different smells can we detect?

How does olfaction work?

Where is odor processed?

What is the pathway of odor (sense of smell processing)?

What are sensory structures that detect taste, located on tongue papillae, hard palate, and throat?

Where are taste buds located?

How many taste cells are there per taste bud?

What is the structure of a taste cell?

How does taste work?

What are the stages of taste?

What are the five types of taste?

What does umami taste like?

Taste is linked to _______.

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

What accessory structure of the eye protects the eye from sweat and provides eye shade from the sun?

What is the purpose of the eyelid/eyelashes?

What is the accessory gland of the eye, a thin membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid?

What accessory gland of the eye produces tears, located on the superior and lateral portion to the eye?

What accessory structure of the eye helps move the eyeball?

What is the inferior eye muscle that goes longways?

What is the inferior eye muscle that runs up/down?

What is the middle eye muscle that runs longways?

What is the anatomy of the eye?

Layers of the eye are called...

What is the outermost layer of the eye, consisting of the sclera and cornea?

What part of the fibrous tunic is the firm, outer white part of the eye that helps maintain the eye shape, provides attachment sites, and protects internal structures?

What part of the fibrous tunic is the transparent, clear structure that covers the iris and pupil, allowing light to enter and focusing light?

What is the middle layer of the eye, containing the blood supply, choroid, ciliary body, suspensory ligaments, lens, iris, and pupil?

What part of the vascular tunic contains melanin (pigment that gives eye color), delivers oxygen and nutrients to the retina?

What part of the vascular tunic helps hold the lens in place?

What are ligaments that help hold the lens of place (part of the vascular tunic)?

What part of the vascular tunic is a flexible oval-shaped disc that focuses light onto the retina?

What is the colored part of the eye?

What is the black circle in the center of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

When there is lots of light, the pupil...

In lack of light, the pupil...

What is the innermost layer of the eye that contains the retina, rods and cones, macula, fovea, and optic disk?

What part of the nervous tunic covers the posterior 5/6th of the inner eye surface (back lining of the eye) and consists of two layers and the rods and cones?

What is the outer layer of the retina that absorbs light and keeps light from reflecting back in the eye?

What is the inner layer of the retina containing the rods, cones, and interneurons?

What are rods and cones?

What is the photoreceptor sensitive to light; functions in dim light; 20 times more of these?

What is the photoreceptor that functions in well-lit conditions, providing color vision; there are three types: blue, green, and red?

What is the photosensitive pigment in rod cells that causes light sensitivity?

What is the colorless protein in the rhodopsin pigment that joins with retinal to form a photopigment?

What is the yellow pigment in the rhodopsin pigment that joins with opsin to form a photopigment?

What is a small spot near the center of the retina?

What is the center of the macula, where light is focused when looking directly at an object; made up only of cones and able to discriminate fine images?

What is called the "blind spot" (no photoreceptors), a white spot/hole in the retina where optic nerve axons exit the eye; blood vessels enter the eye here and spread over the retina?

What is the chamber of the eye located between the cornea and the lens, filled with aqueous humor (watery)?

What fluid is found in the anterior chamber of the eye, helps maintain pressure, refracts light, and provides nutrients to the inner surface of the eye?

What is the chamber of the eye located behind the anterior chamber containing vitreous humor?

What is the jelly-like substance that fills the posterior chamber and vitreous chamber; helps maintain pressure; holds lens and retina in place; and refracts light?

What is the chamber of the eye located in the retina region and filled with vitreous humor?

What is a function of the eye, bending of light?

What is the point where light rays converge onto the retina and the object is inverted (flipped)?

What type of vision in which lens is flat, muscles are relaxed, and suspensory ligaments are tight?

What type of vision in which lens is more spherical (greater refraction); muscles are contracted; and ligaments are relaxed?

What is the nerve that leaves the eye and exits the orbit through the optic foramen to enter the cranial cavity?

Where do the two optic nerves meet?

What is the route of ganglion axons posterior to the optic chiasm?

What is nearsightedness (difficulty seeing distance), in which the image is in front of the retina?

What is farsightedness (difficulty reading up close), in which the image is behind the retina?

What is the condition when the lens becomes less elastic and reading glasses are required, happening to most at age 50?

What is the condition with irregular curvature of the lens?

What is the absence or deficiency of cones, primarily in males (X-chromosome linked trait)?

What is decreased pressure in the eye that causes the image to appear dark on the outsides; can eventually lead to blindness?

What is clouding of the lens?

What condition can diabetes cause, a separation of the sensory retina from the pigmented retina (vision loss), which is also known as?