Psychology Chapter 6 Memory Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between context dependent memory and state dependent memory?

Context dependent memory is better recalled in the same environment, while state dependent memory is better recalled in the same state of mind.

What are the subcategories of declarative memory?

Episodic memory and semantic memory.

What is displacement?

Displacement is the process of pushing out older information in short term memory to make room for new information.

What does episodic memory deal with?

Episodic memory deals with the storage of memories of life events. Signup and view all the answers

What is nondeclarative memory?

Nondeclarative memory is a subsystem within long term memory that deals with memories of skills acquired through repetition and practice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency to remember the first bit of information in a series due to increased rehearsal?

Primary effect. Signup and view all the answers

What is reconstruction?

Reconstruction is the tendency to fill in the gaps in our memory and often believe these represent true memories. Signup and view all the answers

If someone learns something to the point where they can repeat it without mistake more than once, what memory technique is being used?

Overlearning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of declarative memory that deals with the storage of general information like names and facts?

The semantic memory. Signup and view all the answers

Sensory memory deals with what?

Sensory memory deals with the brief storage of information brought in through the senses. Signup and view all the answers

For how long is information typically stored in short term memory?

Up to 30 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What is consolidation?

Consolidation is the physiological changes in the brain associated with memory storage. Signup and view all the answers

What does decay mean in terms of memory?

Decay is the theory which states that memory fades and/or disappears over time if it is not used or accessed. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a state?

Depression, anger, happiness, or other emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What does encoding mean?

Encoding is the transformation of information to be stored in memory. Signup and view all the answers

How do you encode memory?

You encode it through mental operations on sensory information. Signup and view all the answers

How many bits of information can short term memory hold?

About 7, give or take two. Signup and view all the answers

What is chunking?

Chunking is combining bits of information into meaningful units. Signup and view all the answers

What is maintenance rehearsal?

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of saying bits of information repeatedly to maintain it in short term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is elaborative rehearsal?

It is the method of transporting information from short term memory to long term memory by making that information meaningful. Signup and view all the answers

What are two implicit nondeclarative procedural memories?

Skills and habits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of long term memory?

Nondeclarative memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cue used to help remember?

Retrieval cue, encoding, or recall. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subsystems of long term memory?

Declarative memory and nondeclarative memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is constructive processing?

Memory retrieval process in which memories are built or reconstructed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the misinformation effect?

It is the tendency of altering memories of the event itself due to misleading information presented after the event. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory Concepts

Context Dependent Memory: Better recall of information when retrieved in the same environment in which it was learned.
State Dependent Memory: Better recall when in the same emotional or physical state as when the information was learned.

Types of Memory

Declarative Memory Subcategories: Divided into episodic memory (life events) and semantic memory (general knowledge).
Nondeclarative Memory: Relates to skills and habits acquired through repetition and practice.

Memory Processes

Displacement: Older information is pushed out in short-term memory to make space for new information.
Reconstruction: Filling in gaps in memory, often leading to inaccuracies that are believed to be true.
Consolidation: Physiological changes in the brain during the storage of memories.
Decay: Theory that memories fade over time when not accessed.

Memory Storage and Duration

Episodic Memory Function: Focuses on storing personal life events.
Sensory Memory: Brief storage of sensory information before it's processed.
Short Term Memory Duration: Retained for approximately 30 seconds.
Capacity of Short Term Memory: Generally holds about 7 bits of information, plus or minus two.

Memory Techniques

Overlearning: Learning information to the point of effortless recall.
Chunking: Grouping bits of information into meaningful units to extend short-term memory capacity.
Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeating information to keep it in short-term memory.
Elaborative Rehearsal: Enhances transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory by making it meaningful.

Types of Long Term Memory

Implicit Nondeclarative Procedural Memories: Include skills (like riding a bike) and habits (like brushing teeth).
Subsystems of Long Term Memory: Comprised of declarative and nondeclarative memories.

Retrieval and Recall

Retrieval Cue: A stimulus that aids in accessing memories.
Constructive Processing: The process where memories are reconstructed during retrieval, instead of simply retrieved.

Memory Errors

Misinformation Effect: Altered memories due to misleading information introduced after an event.

Emotional States and Memory

Examples of Emotional States: Include depression, anger, happiness, which can influence memory recall.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 6 of Psychology, specifically memory. It covers important theories like context dependent memory and state dependent memory, helping learners understand how environmental and emotional contexts impact recall. Test your knowledge and enhance your retention!