Context Dependent Memory Quiz

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What is the primary goal of systematic desensitization?

To increase anxiety levels

To reinforce negative behaviors

To understand the root cause of phobias

To teach relaxation techniques to combat anxiety (correct)

Which type of conditioning uses rewards and punishments for behavior?

Classical conditioning

Two-stage theory

Stimulus generalization

Operant conditioning (correct)

What is the main difference between positive punishment and negative punishment?

Positive punishment always involves rewards, negative punishment always involves punishments

Positive punishment takes away a consequence, negative punishment adds a consequence

Positive punishment adds a consequence, negative punishment takes away a consequence (correct)

Positive punishment occurs after desired behavior, negative punishment occurs before desired behavior

What does a reinforcer do in operant conditioning?

Increases the likelihood of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves taking away a certain item after an undesired behavior to decrease future responses?

Negative punishment Signup and view all the answers

How does operant conditioning establish an association between behavior and consequence?

By employing rewards and punishments for behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of classical conditioning in the text?

Dog salivating at the sound of a bell after repeated pairings with food Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is related to the idea of one-trial learning?

Phobias Signup and view all the answers

What does exposure therapy based on habituation aim to achieve?

Decrease conditioned responses Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of stimulus generalization mentioned in the text?

Dog salivating at different sounds similar to a bell Signup and view all the answers

Which study demonstrates the idea that some associations are innately easier to make?

The Garcia-Koelling taste-aversion study Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?

The reflexive response without prior learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves reflexive behavior, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

A stimulus that automatically triggers a response without prior conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept in phobias according to Mower’s two-stage theory?

Phobias are introduced through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during classical conditioning when a Neutral Stimulus (NS) is consistently paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

The Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS). Signup and view all the answers

How does stimulus generalization play a role in classical conditioning?

Stimulus generalization involves responding to similar stimuli as the Conditioned Stimulus (CS). Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an action as part of Operant Conditioning?

It is a learned behavior influenced by reinforcement or punishment. Signup and view all the answers