12 Questions
What is the term for the decreasing strength of a reflex response after repeated presentations of the stimulus?
Habituation
What is the definition of learning?
An enduring change in the way an organism responds based on its experience
What type of behaviour is elicited automatically by a stimulus in the environment?
Reflexes
Which ancient Greek philosopher proposed the law of contiguity?
Aristotle
What is the term for the association between two events that occur close together in time?
Contiguity
What type of learning involves a complex process of learning and adapting to the environment?
Motor learning
What is the primary factor that connects two events in the mind according to classical conditioning?
The proximity of the events in time
What is the difference between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?
Unconditioned stimuli are natural, while conditioned stimuli are learned
What is the significance of temporal order in classical conditioning?
The CS must precede the UCS for maximal conditioning
What is the result of omitting the UCS in classical conditioning?
Extinction occurs
What is latent inhibition in classical conditioning?
The inhibition of a CR due to a familiar stimulus
What is the primary purpose of classical conditioning from an evolutionary perspective?
To connect tastes with nausea or other unpleasant experiences
Study Notes
Types of Learning
- Habituation is a type of simple sensory learning where the strength of a reflex response decreases after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
- Learning refers to any enduring change in the way an organism responds based on its experience.
Reflexes
- Behaviours that are elicited automatically by a stimulus in the environment are referred to as reflexes.
- Reflexes are behaviours that are elicited automatically by an environmental stimulus, such as the knee-jerk reflex elicited by a doctor's rubber hammer.
Laws of Association
- Aristotle proposed the law of contiguity, which proposes that two events will be associated if they are experienced close together in time.
Classical Conditioning
- Classical conditioning was originally proposed by Ivan Pavlov.
- In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus or response is something that occurs naturally, without any prior learning.
- A conditioned stimulus or response is something that has been learned.
- Maximal conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) precedes the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
- Temporal order of the CS and UCS is crucial to conditioning.
Conditioned Taste Aversions
- Conditioned taste aversions are easily acquired and can be acquired in some cases while unconscious.
- Conditioned taste aversions have been demonstrated in animals without a cortex.
Extinction in Classical Conditioning
- Extinction in classical conditioning results from the omission of the UCS.
- Extinction is usually temporary, and the conditioned response may reappear with time.
Latent Inhibition
- Latent inhibition refers to the fact that a familiar stimulus is less likely to produce a conditioned response.
Understand the concepts of habituation and learning in psychology. Learn about the decreasing strength of reflex responses and enduring changes in behavior based on experience.
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