Psychology Chapter 6 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

___________ are by far the most frequently prescribed CNS depressants.

benzodiazepines

What are 3 problems with CNS depressants?

Usually prescribed by a physician, second most frequently abused prescription drug, can cause very alarming and dangerous behavior.

CNS depressants are frequently used and abused in the US because of their ______ and _____ relieving properties.

stress, anxiety

Most people who are dependent on benzodiazepines obtain their drugs legally by prescription.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

CNS depressants are usually not obtained illicitly and self-administered but rather are prescribed under the direction of a physician.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potential CNS depressants, usually not preferred because of their narrow margin of safety are called ________.

<p>barbiturates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most popular and safest CNS depressants in use today?

<p>benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before the era of modern drugs, the most common depressant used to ease tension, cause relaxation and help forget problems was ________.

<p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly abused drug of all time?

<p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Attempts to find CNS depressants other than alcohol began in the 1900s.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ were introduced to treat nervousness and anxiety in the 1800s. They were very popular until their toxicities became known.

<p>Bromides</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the early 1900s, bromides were replaced by ________ which were initially heralded as safe and effective, however problems with tolerance, dependence, and lethal overdoses soon became evident.

<p>barbiturates</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 1950s the first ________ were marketed as substitutes for barbiturates.

<p>benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three things were benzodiazepines routinely prescribed for?

<p>stress, anxiety, apprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1973, 100 million prescriptions were written for benzodiazepines, and twice as many women as men were taking them.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CNS depressants are a diverse group of drugs that share an ability to ______ CNS activity and ______ the brain's level of awareness.

<p>reduce, diminish</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drugs that often cause CNS depression are used to treat allergies and are often included in OTC sleep aids?

<p>antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 5 examples of depressant drugs?

<p>benzodiazepines, barbiturate-like drugs, alcohol, antihistamines, opioid narcotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________ are the most frequently prescribed CNS depressants for anxiety and sleep. They have a wide range of therapeutic uses.

<p>benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

CNS depressants used to relieve anxiety, fear, and apprehension are known as what?

<p>sedatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drug that relieves anxiety called?

<p>anxiolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are CNS depressants used to induce drowsiness and encourage sleep called?

<p>hypnotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the loss of memory?

<p>amnesiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depressants are usually classified according to the degree of their medical effects on the body.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ cause mild depression and relaxation.

<p>sedatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ are CNS depressants that encourage sleep by inducing drowsiness.

<p>Hypnotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only difference between a sedative and a hypnotic effect is the _____ .

<p>dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deep depression of the CNS used to achieve a controlled state of unconsciousness called?

<p>anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What state is characterized by loss of sensation or consciousness?

<p>anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

All CNS depressants are not created equal.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The same drug can cause different effects based on dose.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Benzodiazepines enhance the activity of the ______ receptor and inhibitory system by activating benzodiazepine site (receptors).

<p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the way benzodiazepines act?

<p>action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Benzodiazepines

  • Most frequently prescribed central nervous system (CNS) depressants.
  • Commonly used to relieve stress and anxiety, contributing to their frequent abuse.

CNS Depressants Problems

  • Often prescribed by physicians, yet they are the second most abused prescription drugs.
  • Can lead to alarming and dangerous behaviors among users.
  • Majority of individuals dependent on benzodiazepines obtain them legally through prescriptions.
  • Typically not illicitly obtained; prescribed under medical supervision.

Barbiturates vs. Benzodiazepines

  • Barbiturates are potential CNS depressants but have a narrow margin of safety, making them less preferred.
  • In the early 1900s, they were initially regarded as safe and effective before issues with tolerance and overdoses emerged.

Historical Context

  • Alcohol was the most common CNS depressant used prior to modern medications for relaxation and anxiety relief.
  • Bromides were introduced in the 1800s for nervousness and anxiety but were later found to have toxicities.

Benzodiazepines Development

  • First marketed in the 1950s as substitutes for barbiturates.
  • Considered safe for short-term use but can lead to dependence and withdrawal issues with long-term use.
  • In 1973, there were 100 million prescriptions written, with double the usage among women compared to men.

Types of CNS Depressants

  • Examples include benzodiazepines, barbiturate-like drugs, alcohol, antihistamines, and opioid narcotics.
  • They are classified based on the degree of their medical effects on the body.

Classifications and Functions

  • Sedatives relieve anxiety and apprehension; examples include anxiolytics.
  • Hypnotics induce drowsiness and assist with sleep.
  • Anxiolytics are specifically designed to relieve anxiety.

Mechanisms of Action

  • Benzodiazepines enhance the activity of the GABA receptor system, providing their calming effects.
  • The difference in sedative and hypnotic effects primarily lies in the dosage administered.

Anesthesia

  • Deep CNS depression can induce a controlled state of unconsciousness for surgical procedures, ensuring patient comfort and memory loss of the experience.

True/False Overview

  • All CNS depressants are not equivalent; the same drug may produce different effects based on the dosage used.

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Description

This quiz covers key terms and definitions from Chapter 6 related to CNS depressants, particularly benzodiazepines. Test your knowledge on the effects, prescription practices, and issues associated with these medications. Perfect for psychology students or those studying pharmacology.

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