Psychology Chapter 5 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is Sheila's change in behavior a result of?

Learning

In the example of the dog, what is the conditioned stimulus?

The sound of the leash

What do we call the phenomenon when a child does not show fear towards a black rat after being conditioned to fear a white rat?

Stimulus discrimination

What has occurred when a dog stops coming to the door after the leash is rattled?

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

What is Rhonda's queasiness at the thought of fish with tartar sauce an example of?

A conditioned taste aversion Signup and view all the answers

What does Caitlin's professor refer to her study of the rat's conditioned taste aversion?

Biological preparedness Signup and view all the answers

What explains Blake's behavior of washing his car before going out?

Thorndike's law of effect Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, behavior is typically , whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is __.

involuntary, voluntary Signup and view all the answers

Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from?

Pavlov's classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Positive reinforcement results in a in the target behavior, and negative reinforcement results in a _ in the target behavior.

an increase, an increase Signup and view all the answers

What is Belinda's use of aspirin to relieve her headache an example of?

Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What schedule of reinforcement is Ben receiving?

Fixed interval Signup and view all the answers

What is losing cell phone privileges an example of when a child is grounded?

Punishment by removal Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Negative reinforcement strengthens a response while punishment weakens a response. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of extinction with operant conditioning.

A mother ignores her child's temper tantrum so that the behavior ultimately goes away. Signup and view all the answers

What does instinctive drift refer to in animal behavior?

The animals studied revert back to their genetically controlled patterns of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning refers to sudden realization, as experienced by Jose?

Insight learning Signup and view all the answers

What concept explains Jody's reluctance to try college algebra again?

Learned helplessness Signup and view all the answers

What does AMID stand for in observational learning?

Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire Signup and view all the answers

Why might Darla not start a weight loss program despite seeing others succeed?

Darla is not motivated nor does she have the desire to begin the program. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning and Behavior Modification

Sheila's change in behavior after nearly being hit by a car demonstrates learning from a personal experience.
The sound of the leash becomes a conditioned stimulus as it signals to the dog that a walk is imminent.
Fear response in a child conditioned to a white rat but not a black rat exemplifies stimulus discrimination.
The dog's lack of reaction to the rattled leash after a period of no walks indicates extinction of the learned behavior.

Classical Conditioning Concepts

Rhonda associates nausea with fish and tartar sauce due to a previous experience, illustrating conditioned taste aversion.
Caitlin's lab results show that food aversions can form quickly, highlighting the concept of biological preparedness.
In classical conditioning, behavior is involuntary, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior.

Reinforcement and Punishment

Thorndike's law of effect explains Blake's cleaning behavior: he associates washing his car with positive social responses.
Secondary reinforcers acquire power through classical conditioning.
Positive and negative reinforcement both increase the target behavior, while negative reinforcement specifically strengthens a response.
Negative reinforcement contrasts with punishment, as the latter weakens a response, such as losing privileges as a consequence for behaviors.

Schedules and Techniques

Ben’s payment every two weeks, regardless of hours worked, indicates a fixed interval reinforcement schedule.
Punishment by removal is illustrated when Denise’s cell phone privileges are taken away as a consequence of coming home late.
Ignoring a child's tantrum to eliminate the behavior showcases the use of extinction in operant conditioning.

Learning Theories

Instinctive drift describes how animals revert to genetically controlled behaviors despite reinforcement.
Insight learning refers to sudden realizations or solutions, as seen with Jose's breakthrough idea under pressure.
Learned helplessness explains Jody's reluctance to re-enroll in algebra despite support.

Observational Learning

AMID stands for Attention, Memory, Imitation, and Desire, outlining components crucial for observational learning.
Darla’s lack of desire to imitate her friends' behavior reveals the motivation aspect of Bandura’s model of observational learning.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 5 of Psychology, focusing on learning and behavior. This quiz covers key concepts including conditioning and behavioral changes. Get ready to evaluate your understanding of these important psychological principles!