Psychology Chapter 5 Quiz

Learning from a direct experience, like nearly being hit by a car, changing one's behavior to avoid similar situations in the future.

A previously neutral stimulus (like a leash) acquires the ability to elicit a response (like excitement) after being paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits that response (like going for a walk).

The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond only to the specific conditioned stimulus. For example, a child afraid of white rats but not black rats demonstrates this concept.

The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

A type of classical conditioning where a learned aversion to a food or drink develops after experiencing nausea or discomfort associated with it. For example, Rhonda may avoid fish and tartar sauce due to a previous bad experience.

The concept that certain associations, particularly those related to food aversions, are easier to learn than others. For example, certain animals are biologically prepared to develop aversions to new or unusual foods more quickly.

A learning process where an automatic, involuntary response is associated with a neutral stimulus (like salivating at the sound of a bell).

Learning process where voluntary behaviors are influenced by their consequences. For example, Blake washes his car because it leads to positive social interactions.

A principle stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to occur.

Stimuli that gain reinforcing power through their association with primary reinforcers (like food or water). For example, money can be a secondary reinforcer, as it's associated with the ability to buy things that satisfy basic needs.

Any consequence following a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. Both positive and negative reinforcement increase behavior.

Strengthening a response by removing an aversive stimulus. For example, studying to avoid getting a bad grade.

A consequence following a behavior that decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. For example, losing cell phone privileges for coming home late.

A reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after a fixed amount of time has passed, regardless of the number of responses. For example, getting paid every two weeks.

A type of punishment where something desirable is removed as a consequence for a behavior. For example, taking away a child's cell phone as punishment for coming home late.

A technique in operant conditioning where a behavior is weakened by ignoring it. For example, ignoring a child's tantrum to stop the behavior.

A phenomenon where animals revert back to instinctive behaviors even when trained otherwise. For example, a raccoon trained to drop coins into a piggy bank might revert to hiding the coins instead.

The sudden understanding or solution to a problem. For example, Jose's sudden breakthrough idea under pressure.

A learned sense of helplessness where an individual gives up trying to solve problems even when solutions exist. For example, Jody's reluctance to re-enroll in algebra.

A framework for understanding how observation plays a crucial role in learning. It includes attention, memory, imitation, and desire as key components.

The motivation aspect of Bandura's model of observational learning. It highlights that an individual's desire to imitate a behavior is crucial for the learning process to take place.