Questions and Answers
What are Personality Judgments?
What is the definition of Reputation?
Based on people's perceptions of you, and those perceptions will influence their expectations of you.
What can shy people deny themselves?
The opportunity to develop normal social skills.
What are Self-Fulfilling Prophecies?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Expectancy Effects (Intellectual) refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What influences our behavior with other people according to Expectancy Effects (Social)?
Signup and view all the answers
What are stereotypes in the context of personality judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two views on Evaluating Personality Judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Convergent Validation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Interjudge Agreement?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Predictive Validity measure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Constructivist View?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Critical Realist View?
Signup and view all the answers
What influences First Impressions?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Configural Properties?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a Moderator Variable?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Boundary Condition refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a Good Judge in personality judgment?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a Good Target?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Good Traits in personality judgment?
Signup and view all the answers
How does Quality of Information affect personality judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Sociosexuality signify?
Signup and view all the answers
How does accuracy change over time in personality judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
Does consensus increase over time in judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Transparency of Personality?
Signup and view all the answers
Is there a difference in accuracy between men and women in personality judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Acquaintanceship Effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM) propose?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Personality Judgments
- Personality judgments are constant assessments made by individuals, which should be judged based on their accuracy.
Reputation
- A person's reputation is shaped by others’ perceptions, influencing their expectations and interactions with that individual.
Shyness
- Shy individuals often miss opportunities to develop social skills, leading to uncertainty in social situations.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Expectancy effects can influence both intellectual outcomes and social interactions, leading to self-fulfilling prophecies.
Expectancy Effects (Intellectual)
- Treatment of individuals based on prior information can lead them to meet those expectations, as demonstrated in studies like the IQ "bloomers" experiment.
Expectancy Effects (Social)
- People’s behavior is affected by expectations from others, which can stem from superficial traits like appearance.
Source of Real-Life Expectancies
- Stereotypes can guide expectations about individuals, helping to inform personality assessments.
Evaluating Personality Judgments
- Two primary perspectives exist: constructivism and critical realism, each offering different approaches to understanding personality judgments.
Convergent Validation
- This concept involves gathering diverse information that aligns to form a consistent conclusion about a person's personality.
Interjudge Agreement
- This refers to the level of similarity in personality descriptions given by multiple observers about the same individual.
Predictive Validity
- This measures how effectively one type of assessment can predict outcomes related to another measure.
Constructivist View
- This philosophical perspective maintains that reality is constructed through ideas rather than existing as a concrete entity.
Critical Realist View
- It asserts that while there may not be perfect criteria for truth, objective empirical evidence can help evaluate which interpretations of reality are more valid.
First Impressions
- Initial judgments can be influenced by genetic factors, such as facial features and other visible personality traits.
Configural Properties
- These are the arrangements of facial features and behavioral cues that signify personality traits like extroversion or conscientiousness.
Moderator Variables
- These are factors that influence the relationship between two variables in personality judgments.
Boundary Condition
- Acquaintances can sometimes make equally accurate judgments as close friends, depending on context and the specific situation observed.
Good Judge
- A good judge in personality assessment is deemed a moderator variable, potentially influenced by specific traits or social contexts, often showing high levels of communion.
Good Target
- Certain individuals, characterized by stability and psychological well-being, offer clearer indicators of their personalities, making them easier to judge.
Good Traits
- Traits that are easily observable usually serve as better indicators in personality judgments.
Quality of Information
- The effectiveness of personality judgments can vary based on the situation; stronger contexts yield better assessments of traits.
Sociosexuality
- This term describes the openness to engage in sexual relationships with minimal prior acquaintance.
Accuracy
- The accuracy of personality judgments tends to improve over time as more information is gathered.
Consensus
- Unlike accuracy, consensus among judges does not consistently increase over time.
Transparency of Personality
- Individuals who are psychologically healthy tend to reveal more about themselves, making them easier targets for accurate personality judgments.
Accuracy of Difference Between Men and Women
- No significant differences have been found indicating that one gender is more accurate in personality judgments than the other.
Acquaintanceship Effect
- Close acquaintances often provide personality judgments that align more closely with self-assessments than those made by strangers.
Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM)
- Accuracy in personality judgments can be enhanced through four components: suitable context, accessible information, effective detection, and proper utilization of the information collected.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 5 of Psychology, focusing on personality judgments. Explore important terms such as reputation and shyness, and understand how they influence social interactions. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their knowledge.