Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structure in the limbic system is primarily involved in processing emotions and attaching emotional meaning to memories?
What structure in the limbic system is primarily involved in processing emotions and attaching emotional meaning to memories?
Which system controls our internal organs and glands?
Which system controls our internal organs and glands?
What is the phenomenon called when an incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation?
What is the phenomenon called when an incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation?
Which term refers to a specific version of a gene?
Which term refers to a specific version of a gene?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of drug would block or impede the effects of a neurotransmitter?
What type of drug would block or impede the effects of a neurotransmitter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information?
Signup and view all the answers
What do we call the major extension of a neuron that transmits electrical signals away from the soma?
What do we call the major extension of a neuron that transmits electrical signals away from the soma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the somatosensory cortex?
What is the primary function of the somatosensory cortex?
Signup and view all the answers
Which imaging technique involves coordinating multiple x-rays to create a detailed image of a specific area?
Which imaging technique involves coordinating multiple x-rays to create a detailed image of a specific area?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the brain is particularly associated with dopamine production and movement control?
Which area of the brain is particularly associated with dopamine production and movement control?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs in the synaptic cleft?
What occurs in the synaptic cleft?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the ventral tegmental area (VTA) primarily support?
What does the ventral tegmental area (VTA) primarily support?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines whether a neuron becomes active?
What determines whether a neuron becomes active?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'lateralization' refer to in brain function?
What does the term 'lateralization' refer to in brain function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily responsible for controlling automated processes like breathing?
Which structure is primarily responsible for controlling automated processes like breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
What are neurotransmitters?
What are neurotransmitters?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the myelin sheath play in the nervous system?
What role does the myelin sheath play in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'neuroplasticity' refer to?
What does 'neuroplasticity' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the endocrine system play in the body?
What role does the endocrine system play in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the pancreas play in the body?
What role does the pancreas play in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
How does epigenetics influence phenotypes?
How does epigenetics influence phenotypes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the frontal lobe in the cerebral cortex?
What is the primary function of the frontal lobe in the cerebral cortex?
Signup and view all the answers
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure?
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes fraternal twins from identical twins?
What distinguishes fraternal twins from identical twins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the hippocampus in the brain?
What is the primary role of the hippocampus in the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What function do gonads serve in the body?
What function do gonads serve in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is the largest part of the brain?
Which structure is the largest part of the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the peripheral nervous system primarily connect?
What does the peripheral nervous system primarily connect?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gland is responsible for secreting key hormones that regulate fluid levels?
Which gland is responsible for secreting key hormones that regulate fluid levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes an action potential?
Which of the following describes an action potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan?
What is the purpose of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the neuron is described as the state of readiness before a signal?
Which component of the neuron is described as the state of readiness before a signal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best defines a recessive allele?
Which statement best defines a recessive allele?
Signup and view all the answers
What mechanism involves a neurotransmitter being pumped back into the neuron that released it?
What mechanism involves a neurotransmitter being pumped back into the neuron that released it?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Key Words and Concepts
- Action Potential: A potential electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron.
- Adrenal Glands: Located atop the kidneys, these glands secrete hormones related to stress responses.
- Agonist: A drug that mimics or enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter.
- All-or-None Phenomenon: Incoming signals from another neuron are either sufficient to reach a threshold or not.
- Allele: A specific form of a gene.
- Amygdala: Part of the limbic system involved in emotional experiences and memory.
- Antagonist: A drug that blocks or inhibits a neurotransmitter's normal activity.
- Auditory Cortex: Located in the temporal lobe, this area processes auditory information.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Controls internal organs and glands.
- Axon: A major extension of the soma.
- Biological Perspective: Views psychological disorders as arising from imbalances in neurotransmitter systems.
- Broca's Area: Located in the left hemisphere, crucial for language production.
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- Cerebellum: A hindbrain structure responsible for balance, coordination, movement, and certain types of memory.
- Cerebral Cortex: Associated with higher-level mental functions.
- Chromosome: A long strand of genetic information.
- Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan: An imaging technique using multiple X-rays.
- Corpus Callosum: A thick band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
- Dendrite: Branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): A helix-shaped molecule composed of nucleotide base pairs.
- Diabetes: A disease connected to insufficient insulin production.
- Dominant Allele: An allele whose phenotype is expressed when present in an individual.
- Electroencephalography (EEG): A technique that records the brain's electrical activity using electrodes placed on the scalp.
- Endocrine System: A series of glands producing hormones.
- Epigenetics: The study of gene-environment interactions.
- Fight or Flight Response: Activation of the sympathetic nervous system to access energy reserves and heighten sensory capacity.
- Forebrain: The largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and limbic system.
- Fraternal Twins: Develop from different fertilized eggs.
- Frontal Lobe: Responsible for reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language.
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): A technique that shows changes in metabolic activity within the brain over time.
- Gene: A sequence of DNA.
- Genetic Environmental Correlation: Genes affect environment and the environment influences the expression of genes.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual.
Further Concepts
- Glial Cells: Support neurons, providing insulation, communication, and nutrient/waste transport.
- Gonads: Secrete hormones crucial for reproduction.
- Gyrus (Gyri): Bumps or ridges on the cerebral cortex.
- Hemisphere: Left or right half of the brain.
- Heterozygous: Composed of two different alleles.
- Hindbrain: Medulla, pons, and cerebellum housed here.
- Hippocampus: In the temporal lobe, plays a role in learning and memory.
- Homeostasis: Maintaining biological conditions at optimal levels.
- Homozygous: Composed of two identical alleles.
- Hormone: Chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands.
- Hypothalamus: Regulates sexual motivation, behavior, and homeostatic processes.
- Identical Twins: Develop from a single fertilized egg.
- Lateralization: Specialization of brain hemispheres for specific functions.
- Limbic System: Involved in processing emotion and memory.
- Longitudinal Fissure: A deep groove in the brain's cortex.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses magnetic fields to create images of brain tissue.
- Medulla: A hindbrain structure controlling autonomic functions (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate).
- Membrane Potential: Charge difference across a neuronal membrane.
- Midbrain: Between the forebrain and hindbrain, contains the reticular formation.
- Motor Cortex: Involved in planning and coordinating movement.
- Mutation: A permanent change in a gene.
- Myelin Sheath: Fatty substance insulating axons that speeds up nerve impulses.
Continued Concepts
- Nervous System: Controls thoughts, responses, and movements.
- Neuron: Connects information and performs tasks within the nervous system.
- Neuroplasticity: The nervous system's ability to change.
- Neurotransmitter: A chemical messenger within the nervous system.
- Nodes of Ranvier: Openings in the myelin sheath that speed up nerve impulses.
- Occipital Lobe: Processes visual information.
- Pancreas: Secretes hormones to regulate blood sugar.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System: Controls daily body functions.
- Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory and perceptual information.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects brain and spinal cord to muscles and senses.
- Phenotype: Observable traits of an individual (physical and behavioral).
- Pituitary Gland: Produces hormones that regulate fluid levels and direct other endocrine glands.
- Polygenic: Multiple genes determining a specific trait.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Monitors blood flow in the brain using a radioactive substance.
- Prefrontal Cortex: Higher-level cognitive functions.
- Psychotropic Medication: Treatments for psychiatric symptoms.
- Range of Reaction: Genes set boundaries within which interactions with the environment affect expression.
Additional Concepts
- Receptor: A protein that a neurotransmitter binds to on a cell surface.
- Recessive Allele: An allele whose phenotype is only expressed if both copies are present.
- Reticular Formation: Regulates sleep/wake cycles, arousal, alertness, and motor activity.
- Resting Potential: Neurons' readiness state before signals are received.
- Reuptake: Process where neurotransmitters are absorbed back into the neuron that released them.
- Semipermeable Membrane: Allows specific molecules to pass through while others are blocked.
- Soma (Cell Body): Contains the neuron's nucleus and other organelles.
- Somatic Nervous System: Relays sensory and motor information to/from the CNS.
- Somatosensory Cortex: Processes sensory information like touch, temperature, and pain.
- Substantia Nigra: Produces dopamine; involved in movement control.
- Sulcus (Sulci): Depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex.
- Synaptic Clefts: Gaps between neurons where communication occurs.
- Synaptic Vesicles: Storage sites for neurotransmitters.
- Temporal Lobe: Involved in hearing, memory, emotion, and language.
- Terminal Buttons (Axon Terminals): Contain synaptic vesicles.
- Thalamus: Sensory relay station for the brain.
- Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: Organisms better suited survive and reproduce.
- Threshold of Excitation: Membrane charge triggering neuron activation.
- Thyroid: Regulates growth, metabolism, and appetite.
- Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA): Important in reward, mood, and dopamine production.
- Wernicke's Area: Crucial for speech comprehension.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Psychology Chapter 4. This quiz covers important topics like the limbic system, neurotransmitters, and brain functions. See how well you understand the foundations of emotional processing and brain anatomy.
