Psychology Chapter 2 & 3: Brain Functions & Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is a key focus of Anders Ericsson's research?

  • The role of innate talent in success
  • The development of long-term memory and expertise (correct)
  • The impact of genetics on creativity
  • The relationship between emotions and cognitive processes
  • Which of the following are considered characteristics of creative people?

  • Rigidity and focus on routine
  • Cognitive flexibility and openness (correct)
  • Conformity and practicality
  • Aversive to risk-taking and new experiences
  • In the context of problem solving, creativity can be defined as:

  • Generating unique and valuable ideas (correct)
  • The exclusive use of analytical methods
  • A resistance to change and innovation
  • The ability to adhere strictly to established rules
  • What is likely true about the relationship between talent and skill acquisition?

    <p>Both innate talent and acquired skills play a significant role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognitive psychology is highlighted in materials related to creativity?

    <p>The interplay between neuroscience and creative processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Chapter 3?

    <p>Visual Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the importance of sensory input in perception?

    <p>Bottom-Up Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is included in the study of visual perception?

    <p>The Ganzfeld Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do top-down theories of perception rely on?

    <p>Previous experiences and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'perception' generally refer to?

    <p>The brain's interpretation of sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bottom-up and top-down theories interact in perception?

    <p>They complement each other in the perception process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of visual perception, what role do basic concepts play?

    <p>They provide a foundation for higher-level processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the essence of visual perception?

    <p>It involves both sensory input and cognitive processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of the book?

    <p>To present comprehensive coverage of cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is included in the textbook to engage students?

    <p>“Believe It or Not” boxes with exciting facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the book aim to change perceptions of cognitive psychology?

    <p>By making it accessible and fascinating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognitive psychology is emphasized throughout the book?

    <p>Key themes and ideas that permeate the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In revising the text, what aspect was specifically targeted for better integration?

    <p>Cognitive neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of boxes in the textbook help illustrate real-world applications of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Practical Applications of Cognitive Psychology boxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is highlighted in the revision of the textbook to enhance the learning experience?

    <p>To develop appealing images and illustrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that distinguishes the revised textbook?

    <p>The inclusion of modern neuroscience perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What new imaging techniques have been added to the updated section on brain imaging?

    <p>Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography (fTCD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept involves making decisions based on simple rules of thumb?

    <p>Heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the difference clarified in the updated introduction regarding sensation and perception?

    <p>Sensation is about physical stimuli, whereas perception is about interpreting those stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does the new section on CAPTCHAs illustrate in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Template theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fallacy occurs when a person believes that past random events affect future random events?

    <p>Gambler’s Fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following updates pertained specifically to attention in the revised content?

    <p>New research on cell phone use or texting while driving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Classical Decision Theory?

    <p>Evaluating rational choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves deriving specific conclusions from general premises?

    <p>Deductive Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does attention serve according to the reorganized section?

    <p>To filter information and focus cognitive resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic that was updated in the section on the anatomy of the brain?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of decision making is characterized by the influence of how information is presented?

    <p>Framing Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section was extended to include new research on emotional recognition?

    <p>Face perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reasoning strategy is especially useful when drawing general conclusions from a set of specific observations?

    <p>Inductive Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model's figure caption was extended for better comprehension in revisions?

    <p>Treisman’s and Broadbent’s model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the mistaken belief that two events are more likely to occur together than either event alone?

    <p>Conjunction Fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential obstacle to effective deductive reasoning?

    <p>Ambiguity in terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive phenomenon involves people expecting a sequence of outcomes to reverse due to perceived patterns?

    <p>Gambler’s Fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process refers to the costs associated with selecting one alternative over another in decision making?

    <p>Opportunity Costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 2: The Brain and its Functions

    • The textbook has been revised to make the text more accessible, engage the reader, and incorporate more cognitive neuroscience
    • Section on the anatomy of the brain has been updated, specifically on the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
    • The section on the cerebral cortex has been updated and the four lobes reorganized for increased comprehension.
    • The sections on studying live nonhuman animals, metabolic imaging, and head injuries have all been updated.
    • New imaging techniques have been added, such as a combination of fMRI and MEG, fTCD, and NIRS.

    Chapter 3: Visual Perception

    • The introduction has been clarified to better differentiate between sensation and perception.
    • The section on what and where pathways has been updated.
    • The section on Selfridge's feature-matching model has been extended to improve access to the information.
    • The physiology of the eye section has been updated to clarify the subject.
    • The section on feature matching theories has been updated.
    • A new section on CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) has been added to illustrate template theories.
    • The sections on geons, viewer-dependent versus object-dependent representation, prosopagnosia, size constancy, shape constancy, and optic ataxia have been updated.
    • A new section on the recognition of emotions in faces in people with schizophrenia has been added to the section on face perception.
    • The section on perception in practice has been updated.

    Chapter 4: Attention and Consciousness

    • The section on the nature of attention and consciousness has been updated.
    • Table 4.1, which outlines the four main functions of attention, has been streamlined and reorganized.
    • The section on search has been updated, shortened, and rewritten for greater clarity.
    • The sections on selective attention and divided attention have been revised and reorganized.
    • New research on cell phone use or texting and driving has been added to the section on divided attention.
    • The sections on spatial neglect and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been updated.
    • The figure caption for Treisman's and Broadbent's model has been extended to facilitate comprehension.

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts from Chapters 2 and 3 of your psychology textbook focusing on brain anatomy and visual perception. This quiz covers the updated sections on the brain's structures, functions, and the differentiation between sensation and perception. Enhance your understanding with insights into cognitive neuroscience and visual system pathways.

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