Psychology Chapter 275: Comorbidity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does comorbidity refer to?

The presence of two or more illnesses - medical or psychiatric conditions - in the same person.

What are interpretational difficulties related to?

Determining significance

Diagnostic Issues

Sampling Strategy

All of the above (correct)

Why is the consideration of comorbidity important?

Understanding etiology, course of alcohol use disorders, integrated treatment approaches, and optimal policies.

Match the four potential explanatory models with their descriptions:

Secondary Alcoholism Model = Explains alcoholism as a consequence of a psychiatric condition Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Model = Explains psychiatric disorders arising due to alcoholism Common Factor Model = Suggests a third variable influences both conditions Bi-Directional Model = Indicates that each condition can influence the other Signup and view all the answers

What are overlapping genetic vulnerabilities?

Predisposing genetic factors making one susceptible to both addiction and other mental disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What are overlapping environmental triggers?

Stress, trauma, and early exposure to drugs that can lead to addiction and mental illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

What brain system involvement is noted in co-occurring disorders?

Brain regions that respond to reward and stress are affected by drugs and may show abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of developmental stages in AUD and mental illnesses?

They are developmental disorders that often begin in the teen years, during critical brain development. Signup and view all the answers

What primary pathways connect AUD and anxiety?

The common factor model, self-medication model, and substance-induced anxiety model. Signup and view all the answers

What does the common factor model indicate?

A third variable explains the co-occurrence of anxiety and AUDs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the self-medication model suggest?

People consume alcohol to cope with anxiety disorders, leading to co-occurring AUDs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the substance-induced anxiety model describe?

AUDs lead to increased anxiety and vulnerability for co-occurring anxiety disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What are the contributing factors for AUD and schizophrenia?

Biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors. Signup and view all the answers

How does AUD affect the course and outcome of schizophrenia?

AUD is associated with a more severe course and poorer prognosis. Signup and view all the answers

What treatment implications arise from comorbidity?

Need for integrated treatment approaches and addressing policy barriers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key policy implication related to comorbidity?

Removing barriers to improved treatment access for comorbid individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Comorbidity Overview

Comorbidity refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more medical or psychiatric conditions in an individual, including alcohol and drug use disorders.

Interpretation Challenges

Diagnosing comorbidity can lead to interpretational difficulties, including issues with significance and sampling strategies.

Importance of Considering Comorbidity

Understanding the etiology of alcohol and psychiatric disorders enhances treatment strategies.
Aids in understanding the progression of alcohol use disorders (AUDs).
Critical for developing integrated treatment approaches for AUDs alongside other psychiatric conditions.
Informs optimal policy development for better services and reduced societal costs.

Explanatory Models for Comorbidity

Four potential models explaining comorbidity include:
- Secondary alcoholism model
- Secondary psychiatric disorder model
- Common factor model
- Bi-directional model

Reasons for co-occurrence of Disorders

Genetic Vulnerabilities: Shared genetic predispositions may increase the risk for both addiction and mental disorders.
Environmental Triggers: Factors such as stress, trauma, and early drug exposure contribute to the likelihood of developing both addiction and mental illnesses.
Brain Region Involvement: Similar brain areas respond to reward and stress and are affected by drugs, possibly resulting in abnormalities in individuals with certain mental disorders.
Developmental Aspect: Both drug use disorders and mental illnesses often emerge during adolescence when the brain undergoes significant changes; early exposure to drugs may increase risks for mental disorders.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Anxiety Relations

There are three primary pathways linking AUD and anxiety:
- Common Factor Model: Suggests a third variable accounts for the co-occurrence.
- Self Medication Model: Individuals may use alcohol to alleviate anxiety symptoms, leading to AUD.
- Substance Induced Anxiety Model: AUD can heighten anxiety levels and vulnerability to anxiety disorders.

AUD and Schizophrenia Interactions

Biopsychosocial factors contribute to the co-occurrence of AUD and schizophrenia.
AUD is linked to a more severe development of schizophrenia and a poorer prognosis, despite methodological complexities in comparison studies.

Treatment and Policy Implications

There is a critical need for integrated treatment approaches and addressing policy barriers to enhance these treatments.
Integrated treatment evaluation and implementation are on the rise but remain uncommon.
Barriers exist in treatment access for those with comorbid conditions, often termed "therapeutic catch-22s."
Multidisciplinary treatment teams should provide outreach, comprehensive care, and staged treatments for affected individuals.

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Description

Test your knowledge on comorbidity in psychology with this quiz. Explore key terms and concepts related to the presence of multiple illnesses in individuals. Perfect for Psychology 275 students looking to review for their final exam.