Psychology Chapter 2 Study Guide

Study Notes

Evolutionary Psychology

Founded by Darwin, this approach highlights adaptation, reproduction, and survival as primary behavioral drivers.
Suggests evolved mechanisms may not always be suitable for modern society, e.g., wisdom teeth.
Questions whether evolution is exclusively biological or includes behavioral aspects.
Critiques emphasize the need for diverse perspectives rather than a singular lens of understanding.

The Collaborative Gene

Chromosomes, composed of DNA, house genes responsible for specific functions.
Genes are dynamic, interacting with each other and the environment rather than remaining static.
The human genome consists of approximately 25,000 to 30,000 genes.

Types of Heredity-Environment Correlations

Passive genotype-environment correlations
Evocative genotype-environment correlations
Active genotype-environment correlations

Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations

Arise when biologically related parents provide environments conducive to their genetic traits.
Example: Intelligent parents who enjoy reading may create a book-rich environment, leading their children to develop reading skills due to both genetics and enriched surroundings.

Evocative Genotype-Environment Correlations

Occur when a child's inherent traits provoke specific responses from their environment.
Example: Active, smiling children receive more social interaction, while quieter children may not, thereby influencing their social development.

Active (Niche-Picking) Genotype-Environment Correlations

Involve children choosing environments that align with their interests and strengths.
Example: Outgoing children seek social situations, while shy children may avoid them, demonstrating the concept of niche-picking in action.

Epigenetic Perspective

Proposes that development results from continuous interaction between genetics and environmental factors.
Posits that environmental conditions can activate or deactivate genes, influencing individual development.
Highlights that stressors may impact individuals differently based on their unique genetic markers.

Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of Evolutionary Psychology as introduced in Chapter 2. It explores the contributions of Darwin and how evolutionary principles influence behavior, adaptation, and survival mechanisms. The discussion also includes criticisms and debates surrounding this psychological approach.