Psychology Chapter 2: Neurons and Neurotransmitters

What term describes the branch-like structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons?

What is the primary role of the soma in a neuron?

Which structure of a neuron carries messages out to other cells?

What are axon terminals responsible for?

What is the historical significance of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in neuroscience?

What term refers to the specialized cells that support neurons?

Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for processing and sending messages?

What is a common misconception about glial cells?

Nervous System Overview

The nervous system is a network of cells responsible for transporting information throughout the body.
Neuroscience is a branch of life sciences that studies the brain's structure and functioning, as well as the neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue forming the nervous system.
Biological psychology, or behavioral neuroscience, examines the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning.

Structure of the Neuron

Santiago Ramón y Cajal, in 1887, proposed that the nervous system consists of individual cells called neurons.
Neurons function as messengers within the nervous system, facilitating communication between brain and body.

Key Parts of a Neuron

Dendrites: Tree-like structures that receive messages from other neurons.
Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and maintains the neuron's function; the term "soma" means "body."
Axon: A long fiber that transmits messages away from the soma to other cells.
Axon Terminals: The end branches of the axon containing knobs that communicate with other neurons; also known as presynaptic terminals, terminal buttons, or synaptic knobs.

Glial Cells

Glial cells, or glia, are essential support cells in the nervous system, historically seen as mere support for neurons.
Current research reveals that glial cells have expanded roles beyond just support, contributing to various functions in the nervous system.

This quiz delves into the fundamental concepts of neurons and neurotransmitters as part of the nervous system. You will learn how these elements interact to influence behavior, thoughts, and actions in the complex network of cells and tissues. Explore the essential roles they play in neuroscience and the overall functioning of the brain.