Psychology Chapter 2: Neurons and Neurotransmitters
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Psychology Chapter 2: Neurons and Neurotransmitters

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the branch-like structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons?

  • Synapses
  • Dendrites (correct)
  • Soma
  • Axons
  • What is the primary role of the soma in a neuron?

  • To maintain life functions of the neuron (correct)
  • To transmit messages to other cells
  • To enhance communication between neurons
  • To receive incoming signals from dendrites
  • Which structure of a neuron carries messages out to other cells?

  • Axon terminals
  • Soma
  • Dendrites
  • Axon (correct)
  • What are axon terminals responsible for?

    <p>Communicating with other nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical significance of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in neuroscience?

    <p>He theorized the structure of the neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the specialized cells that support neurons?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for processing and sending messages?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about glial cells?

    <p>They only support neuronal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Overview

    • The nervous system is a network of cells responsible for transporting information throughout the body.
    • Neuroscience is a branch of life sciences that studies the brain's structure and functioning, as well as the neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue forming the nervous system.
    • Biological psychology, or behavioral neuroscience, examines the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning.

    Structure of the Neuron

    • Santiago Ramón y Cajal, in 1887, proposed that the nervous system consists of individual cells called neurons.
    • Neurons function as messengers within the nervous system, facilitating communication between brain and body.

    Key Parts of a Neuron

    • Dendrites: Tree-like structures that receive messages from other neurons.
    • Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and maintains the neuron's function; the term "soma" means "body."
    • Axon: A long fiber that transmits messages away from the soma to other cells.
    • Axon Terminals: The end branches of the axon containing knobs that communicate with other neurons; also known as presynaptic terminals, terminal buttons, or synaptic knobs.

    Glial Cells

    • Glial cells, or glia, are essential support cells in the nervous system, historically seen as mere support for neurons.
    • Current research reveals that glial cells have expanded roles beyond just support, contributing to various functions in the nervous system.

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    Description

    This quiz delves into the fundamental concepts of neurons and neurotransmitters as part of the nervous system. You will learn how these elements interact to influence behavior, thoughts, and actions in the complex network of cells and tissues. Explore the essential roles they play in neuroscience and the overall functioning of the brain.

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