Questions and Answers
Define and give examples of observational learning.
Observational learning is the process by which individuals learn by observing others and the consequences of their actions. An example is a child learning to tie their shoes by watching a parent do it.
List and define the processes governing observational learning.
The four processes are: 1. Attention - noticing what a model does, 2. Representation - symbolically representing new response patterns in memory, 3. Behavior production - producing the observed behavior, 4. Motivation - being motivated to perform the behavior.
Define Bandura's concept of triadic reciprocal causation.
Triadic reciprocal causation is a model that describes how human functioning is influenced by the interaction of behavior, personal factors (including cognition), and environmental events.
Explain and give at least one example of the effect that chance encounters and fortuitous events may have on a person's life path.
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Define and discuss Bandura's concept of human agency.
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Study Notes
Observational Learning
- Observational learning involves learning by observing others and understanding the consequences of actions.
- Modeling is a key aspect, going beyond imitation to include modifications of observed behavior.
- Influencing factors for modeling include:
- Preference for modeling high-status individuals.
- Individuals with lower status or skills often model others.
- Rewarding behaviors observed in models are likely to be imitated.
- Four processes governing observational learning:
- Attention: Noticing the model's actions.
- Representation: Symbolically encoding new behavior patterns in memory.
- Behavior Production: Executing the observed behaviors.
- Motivation: The observer must have the desire to enact the observed behavior.
Triadic Reciprocal Causation
- The concept posits that human behavior is shaped by the interaction of behavior, personal factors (including thoughts), and environmental events.
- Contributions of each factor are not uniform; their influence varies based on situational context.
- Chance encounters and unexpected events can significantly alter life trajectories, entering the model at the environmental aspect and affecting behavior.
Chance Encounters and Fortuitous Events
- Unplanned meetings or unexpected occurrences can lead to major life changes.
- These unpredictable events impact behaviors akin to those from deliberate planning.
Human Agency
- Human agency is defined as the ability to organize, regulate, and enact behaviors aimed at achieving expected outcomes.
- Core features of human agency include:
- Intentionality: Proactive commitment to actions.
- Additional features encompass the responsibility and predictive aspects of behavior outcome management, emphasizing the active role of individuals in shaping their experiences.
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Description
Explore Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory through this quiz focused on observational learning. Understand how people learn by observing others and the importance of consequences in learning. Test your knowledge with key concepts and examples.
