Psychology Chapter 16 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

biomedical

In Lana's example, what represents the cognitive distortion?

Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

What should be changed to make the sentence true about aversion therapy?

The word 'aversion' should be changed to the word 'exposure.'

What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?

broke their backs Signup and view all the answers

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is not one of the three factors that produce successful treatment?

Having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex Signup and view all the answers

ECT stands for ________.

electroconvulsive therapy Signup and view all the answers

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

process of closing large asylums Signup and view all the answers

________ have over 85% of the 1,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. Signup and view all the answers

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior Signup and view all the answers

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.

client's personal goals Signup and view all the answers

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.

19% Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party?

confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.

13.4% Signup and view all the answers

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term 'patient' ________.

suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure Signup and view all the answers

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment Signup and view all the answers

________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels.

atypical antipsychotics Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association Signup and view all the answers

What should be changed to make the following sentence true about evidence-based practices?

The word 'therapist' should be changed to the word 'client.' Signup and view all the answers

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of client-centered therapy involves the therapist acknowledging the client's feelings?

active listening Signup and view all the answers

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.

group Signup and view all the answers

How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

years Signup and view all the answers

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect behavior Signup and view all the answers

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

anti-depressants Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does Rafael's therapy exemplify?

cognitive therapy Signup and view all the answers

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior Signup and view all the answers

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

26% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of client-centered therapy involves maintaining a non-judgmental stance?

unconditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.

1954 Signup and view all the answers

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.

Manic episodes Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cognitive distortion does Grace exhibit when assuming Myanna wants a divorce?

jumping to conclusions Signup and view all the answers

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

chronic Signup and view all the answers

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cognitive distortion does Svetlana exhibit regarding her boss?

all-or-nothing thinking Signup and view all the answers

What form of therapy is Thora using by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy?

systematic desensitization Signup and view all the answers

What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is exemplified by Dr. Gardener working with Harlow?

play therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic orientation does Dr. Banner utilize to increase self-awareness?

humanistic therapy Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of exposure therapy does Burt's gradual approach represent?

stimulus hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy Signup and view all the answers

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. Signup and view all the answers

What did a 2006 report suggest about mental illness in the criminal justice system?

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. Signup and view all the answers

What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

counterconditioning Signup and view all the answers

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the session and developing treatment plans for each member?

strategic Signup and view all the answers

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

Dorthea Dix Signup and view all the answers

What kind of treatment describes Stavros attending therapy sessions for alcohol addiction?

involuntary Signup and view all the answers

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment Signup and view all the answers

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips for engaging in positive behaviors. This is an example of ________.

token economy Signup and view all the answers

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel. Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive distortion does Jarl exhibit when he thinks he is so stupid after making mistakes?

overgeneralization Signup and view all the answers

According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?

Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence. Signup and view all the answers

Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.

learning how to surf Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy does a school counselor lead for children with parents who have AIDS?

psycho-educational treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

play therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. Signup and view all the answers

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

client-centered Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue meeting together with a trained clinician?

group therapy Signup and view all the answers

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, specific information is gathered to address immediate needs.

intake Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anxiety Disorders and Therapy Types

Dr. Bronson uses Xanax for anxiety disorders, showcasing biomedical therapy.
Aversion therapy involves exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli, while exposure therapy aims to gradually desensitize patients.

Cognitive Distortions

Lana's belief that being late for dinner is catastrophic represents cognitive distortion.
Common cognitive distortions include jumping to conclusions, all-or-nothing thinking, and overgeneralization.

Therapy Techniques

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression.
Free association is a psychoanalytic technique encouraging clients to express thoughts freely.
Systematic desensitization gradually exposes clients to feared stimuli while promoting relaxation.

Historical Context

Early electroshock therapy often resulted in physical injuries for patients.
The reform of mental health care in the U.S. was led by Dorothea Dix.

Mental Health Statistics

19% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012; 26% of homeless adults in shelters suffer from mental illness.
Only 13.4% of adults had received treatment for mental health issues in 2008.

Client-Centered and Humanistic Approaches

Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing unconditional positive regard and active listening.
Humanistic therapy focuses on self-awareness and acceptance, centering on clients' present and future.

Medication and Side Effects

Atypical antipsychotics can cause obesity, diabetes, and other physical side effects.
Anti-anxiety agents operate by depressing central nervous system activity.

Therapy Modalities

Cognitive-behavioral therapy addresses how thoughts influence behavior and emotions.
Group therapy involves 5-10 individuals discussing shared issues led by a trained clinician.
Play therapy utilizes toys and play to facilitate therapy for children.

Therapeutic Goals and Processes

Therapeutic duration is tailored to the client's needs and goals.
Breach of confidentiality poses higher risks in group therapy than individual therapy.
Psychoeducational treatment aids children in understanding and coping with their parents' medical issues, such as AIDS.

Ethical Considerations

Confidentiality in therapy involves protecting client privacy unless legally obligated to disclose information.
Involuntary treatment is required in situations such as court-mandated therapy.

Treatment Limitations

No single therapeutic approach has proven more effective than others; effectiveness varies based on individual needs.
Minor mistakes in learning contexts can lead to distorted self-perceptions, an example of cognitive distortion.

Miscellaneous

Token economy rewards patients for positive behaviors with privileges.
Research indicates ethnic minorities utilize mental health services at lower rates than white Americans.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in Psychology Chapter 16. This quiz covers topics like biomedical therapy and cognitive distortions through flashcard-style questions. Perfect for quick study sessions or exam preparation.