Questions and Answers
What is a psychological disorder?
Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
What is another word for etiology?
Causes
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States?
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What is comorbidity?
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The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
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What are anxiety disorders characterized by?
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A panic disorder is a type of ________ disorder characterized by panic attacks.
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Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication?
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What do people with obsessive-compulsive disorders experience?
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Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
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Define antisocial personality disorder.
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What is a subtype of depression characterized by symptoms only during a particular time of year?
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What does suicidal ideation involve?
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Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
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Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
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________ delusions involve the belief that others are plotting to harm the person.
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Donna exhibits two separate personalities, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed her with ________ disorder.
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What does Yuri suffer from if he experiences excessive fear of heights?
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Why is Piper diagnosed with agoraphobia?
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What are safety behaviors?
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What disorder does Miguel probably suffer from based on his excessive worries?
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Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder due to her preoccupation with her freckles.
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Why was Manuel diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
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Study Notes
Psychological Disorders Overview
- A psychological disorder is characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Etiology refers to the causes of psychological disorders.
Key Figures and Classification
- Jerome C. Wakefield identified psychological disorders as harmful dysfunctions.
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the main classification system used by mental health professionals in the USA.
Comorbidity and Models
- Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two disorders.
- The diathesis-stress model posits that individuals with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop it when faced with adverse conditions.
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders involve excessive, persistent fear and related behavioral disturbances.
- Panic disorder, a type of anxiety disorder, includes panic attacks and subsequent worry about future attacks.
Childhood and Developmental Disorders
- Autism spectrum disorder is marked by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
- Obsessive-compulsive disorders feature intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
- The orbitofrontal cortex is critical in understanding OCD.
Personality Disorders
- Antisocial personality disorder is defined by a lack of regard for others' rights and impulsivity.
Depressive Disorders
- Seasonal pattern disorder occurs when symptoms of major depressive disorder appear at specific times of the year.
- Suicidal ideation involves thoughts about suicide, including planning and attempts.
Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia involves major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior, classified as a psychotic disorder.
Specific Types of Delusions
- Paranoid delusions are characterized by beliefs that others are plotting to harm the individual.
Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative identity disorder, marked by the presence of two distinct identities, is exemplified by patients like Donna.
Phobias and Anxiety
- A phobia is an intense, irrational fear, exemplified by situations like heights.
- Agoraphobia is an intense fear of being outside the home alone.
Safety Behaviors
- Safety behaviors are actions taken to reduce anxiety in social situations, such as dressing to avoid attention.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Individuals like Miguel, who exhibit excessive worries about uncontrollable events, often suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder involves a preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance, demonstrated by Natalie’s obsession with her freckles.
Major Depressive Disorder
- Diagnosis of major depressive disorder in individuals, like Manuel, is based on prolonged feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of psychological disorders with this quiz based on Chapter 15. Explore key terms and definitions related to the etiology and classification of these conditions. Perfect for supplementing your learning in psychology.
