Sense of Self Quiz: Psychology Chapter 13 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which sense of self is primarily based on sensory input from the environment?

Private Self

Ecological Self (correct)

Conceptual Self

Interpersonal Self

What is the primary way that the interpersonal self is formed?

Through social interactions with others (correct)

Through an autobiographical timeline

Through reflection and understanding of others' beliefs and desires

Through the development of theory of mind

At what stage of development does the extended self start to emerge?

Adulthood

Preschool years (correct)

Infancy

Adolescence

What is a key aspect of the private self that is unique to the individual?

Perspectives, opinions, dreams, and goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary influence on the conceptual self?

Societal expectations and norms Signup and view all the answers

Which sense of self connects our current self to our past and future selves?

Extended Self Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that the ecological self is developed?

Through automatic and non-verbal processing of sensory input Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aspect of the interpersonal self that is inherently social?

Inherent social sense of self that doesn't require reflection Signup and view all the answers

Which sense of self is closely linked to the development of theory of mind?

Private Self Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that the conceptual self is shaped?

Through societal expectations and norms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of self-regulation?

To manage behavior to achieve long-term goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex in self-regulation?

To regulate executive functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the understanding that mental states can differ from person to person?

Theory of mind Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Smarties Task?

To assess children's understanding of false belief Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal, dispositional factors?

Fundamental attribution error Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dispositional and situational factors?

Dispositional factors are internal, while situational factors are external Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Sally-Anne Task?

To assess children's understanding of false belief Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for explaining a person's behavior based on their unchanging, inner essence or characteristics?

Essentialist bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of attributions?

To explain past experiences, predict future behavior, and make sense of the social world Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary influence on self-regulation skills?

Biological maturation and contextual factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of biological factors in shaping gender development?

Impacting the development of sex organs and brain organization Signup and view all the answers

According to the study 'Gender Cognition in Transgender Children', what is a key conclusion drawn from the study's findings?

Recognition and support of transgender children's gender identities is crucial Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mirror test in assessing self-recognition in infants and young children?

To determine self-awareness development Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for our ability to control our emotions, impulses, and actions in various situations?

Self-regulation Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life do children often exhibit very positive views of themselves, which may be unrealistic and exaggerated?

Preschool years Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for our overall assessment of our own worth and the emotions attached to it?

Self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cultural factors in shaping gender development?

Providing different environments and expectations for boys and girls Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of gender identity and gender constancy in children?

Cognitive factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of self-concept that encompasses both neutral facts and evaluations of different aspects of our identity?

Dimensions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Five Senses of Self

Ecological Self: refers to our perception and movement awareness based on sensory input from the environment, allowing us to navigate and interact with our surroundings seamlessly.
Interpersonal Self: formed through social interactions with others, developing automatically as we engage with the social world around us.
Extended Self: connects our current self to our past and future selves, shaping our identity over time, developing during the preschool years and becoming more complex as we age.
Private Self: includes experiences and knowledge unique to us, unless we choose to share them with others, emerging in later preschool years and closely linked to the development of theory of mind.
Conceptual Self: based on the roles we play in society, including our perspectives, opinions, dreams, and goals, influenced by societal expectations and norms.

Delay of Gratification and Self-Regulation

Delay of gratification is the ability to wait for a larger reward by resisting the temptation of an immediate reward.
The marshmallow test is a famous experiment used to measure delay of gratification in children.
Success in delaying gratification is associated with better self-regulation skills and long-term outcomes.
Self-regulation is influenced by both biological maturation and contextual factors.
Brain maturation, particularly the development of executive functions in the prefrontal cortex, plays a crucial role in self-regulation.

Theory of Mind

Theory of mind refers to our understanding that mental states, such as beliefs, intentions, and desires, can differ from person to person.
Theory of mind develops gradually during infancy and early childhood, enabling us to attribute mental states to others and understand their perspectives.
Tasks such as the Smarties Task and Sally-Anne Task are used to assess children's understanding of false belief, demonstrating their developing theory of mind.

Attributions and Influences

Attributions involve identifying the reasons behind certain behaviors, both in ourselves and others.
Dispositional factors, such as intrinsic traits or characteristics, and situational factors, such as external circumstances or environmental influences, can influence attributions.
The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal, dispositional factors rather than external, situational factors.
Essentialist bias involves explaining a person's behavior based on their unchanging, inner essence or characteristics.

Influences on Gender Development

Biological factors, such as hormones present during prenatal development, play a significant role in shaping gender development.
Cultural factors, including parental, peer, and media influences, provide different environments and expectations for boys and girls.
Cognitive factors involve the development of gender identity and gender constancy, with children acquiring gender labels and understanding their gender identity at an early age.

Transgender Children

A study titled "Gender Cognition in Transgender Children" explores the development of gender identity in transgender children.
The study shows the complexity of gender identity development and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and supporting transgender children's gender identities.

Self-Concept

Self-concept refers to our understanding of ourselves as separate and distinct beings.
The mirror test is a classic method used to assess self-recognition in infants and young children.
Passing the mirror test indicates an awareness of one's own reflection and is often considered a milestone in self-awareness development.
Self-concept encompasses both neutral facts about ourselves and evaluations of different aspects of our identity.

Self-Esteem and Self-Regulation

Self-esteem refers to our overall assessment of our own worth and the emotions attached to it.
Self-esteem undergoes developmental changes across different stages of life.
Self-regulation refers to our ability to control our emotions, impulses, and actions in various situations.

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Description

This quiz covers the different aspects of self-awareness, including the ecological self and interpersonal self. Learn how our perception, social interactions, and surroundings shape our sense of self. Test your knowledge of psychology and self-awareness!

Psychology Chapter 13: The Five Senses of Self

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