Psychology Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What do social psychologists study?

Social psychologists use scientific methods to study how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

What is Social Psychology?

  • The examination of historical events
  • The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another (correct)
  • The study of ancient civilizations
  • A branch of biology

    • What does Attribution Theory explain?

    Attribution Theory explains that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.

    What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

    <p>The Fundamental Attribution Error is the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing others' behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do attitudes and actions interact?

    <p>Attitudes are feelings that predispose us to respond in certain ways, and actions can modify attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Attitude?

    <p>An attitude is a feeling, often influenced by beliefs, that predisposes us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Peripheral Route Persuasion?

    <p>Peripheral Route Persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Central Route Persuasion?

    <p>Central Route Persuasion occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon?

    <p>The Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon is the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Role?

    <p>A role is a set of expectations (norms) about a social position that defines how those in the position ought to behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

    <p>Cognitive Dissonance Theory suggests that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Automatic Mimicry?

    <p>Automatic mimicry, or the chameleon effect, is our tendency to unconsciously imitate others' expressions, postures, and voice tones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Conformity?

    <p>Conformity is adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Normative Social Influence?

    <p>Normative Social Influence is the influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Informational Social Influence?

    <p>Informational Social Influence is the influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Psychology Overview

    • Social psychologists investigate thoughts, influences, and relationships among people using scientific methods.
    • Behavior varies across situations; the same person may act differently depending on contextual factors.

    Attribution Theory

    • Explains behavior through two lenses: the situation or personal disposition.
    • People often misjudge causes for others' actions, attributing them to stable traits rather than situational factors.

    Fundamental Attribution Error

    • Tendency to underestimate situational impacts and overestimate personal traits when analyzing others' behavior.

    Attitudes and Actions Interaction

    • Attitudes are feelings shaped by beliefs, influencing responses to objects, people, and events.
    • Different persuasion methods:
      • Peripheral route persuasion relies on incidental cues (e.g., celebrity endorsements) for quick attitude changes.
      • Central route persuasion involves thoughtful consideration of evidence and arguments.
    • Stable, specific, and easily recalled attitudes can influence actions, and actions can influence attitudes.
    • Cognitive dissonance arises from conflicting thoughts; people may change attitudes to alleviate discomfort.
    • Attitude: Feeling that predisposes certain responses.
    • Peripheral Route Persuasion: Influence through incidental cues.
    • Central Route Persuasion: Influence through careful consideration of arguments.
    • Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon: People agree to a larger request after initially agreeing to a smaller one.

    Social Roles and Expectations

    • Role: Set expectations defining behavior in a social position.

    Cognitive Dissonance Theory

    • Aims to lessen discomfort when thoughts conflict, often leading to attitude adjustments.
    • Examples: Reconciling feelings after breakups or taking an undesired job.

    Conformity and Social Influence

    • Conformity: Adjusting behavior/mindset to group standards.
    • Automatic mimicry reflects unconscious imitation of others (the chameleon effect).
    • Factors increasing likelihood of conformity include:
      • Feelings of incompetence or insecurity.
      • Group sizes of at least three.
      • Consensus among group members.
      • Admiration for the group's status.
      • Lack of prior commitments to another response.
      • Awareness of being observed.
      • Cultural norms emphasizing social conformity.

    Types of Social Influence

    • Normative Social Influence: Desire for approval shapes behavior; avoiding disapproval is a key motivator.
    • Informational Social Influence: Acceptance of others’ opinions as valid information enhances conformity.

    Milgram's Obedience Experiments

    • Demonstrated the significant impact of social influence on behavior, particularly in authority contexts.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 13 of Social Psychology, exploring how social psychologists utilize scientific methods to analyze human behavior in social contexts. It covers the variability in actions based on different situations and cultural influences on behavior interpretation.

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