Questions and Answers
What was a significant shift in the focus of social psychology during the 1970s and 1980s?
Which of the following best defines social norms?
What concept is primarily associated with cultures that focus on self-enhancement and independence?
Which of the following areas did social psychology expand into during the 21st century?
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What is the role of social influence in individual behavior?
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What defines social psychology?
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Who is recognized as the father of social psychology?
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What was significant about the work of Kurt Lewin and Leon Festinger during the 1940s and 1950s?
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What are the four major goals of psychology, according to social psychology?
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What was one of the first early experiments in social psychology conducted in 1898?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Social Psychology
- Social psychology examines how feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are influenced by interactions with others.
- The field aligns with psychology's four major goals: describe, explain, predict, and change behaviors.
Brief History of Social Psychology
- Early experiments, like Triplett’s in 1898, established social psychology as a scientific discipline.
- Kurt Lewin is known as the “father of social psychology,” introducing dynamic interactions among individuals.
- Leon Festinger edited a key book on behavioral science research methods in 1954, marking growth in the field.
Expansion of Social Psychology
- The 1970s-1980s saw a focus on attitudes and cognitive processes.
- Development of formal models of persuasion during this time.
- In the 21st century, social psychology continues to expand into various topics beyond traditional areas.
Social Situations and Influence
- Social situations involve daily interactions that shape thoughts and behaviors.
- Social influence refers to how individuals change each other's thoughts and actions, shaping social norms.
Social Norms
- Defined as shared ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving perceived as appropriate by group members.
- Different cultures exhibit distinct social norms, with Western cultures emphasizing individualism and East Asian cultures focusing on collectivism.
Culture
- Culture encompasses a group with common norms, religious values, and moral beliefs tied to a geographical area.
- Individualism promotes self-enhancement, while collectivism encourages community and interdependence.
The ABC Model of Social Psychology
- Comprises three components:
- Affect: Emotions and moods that impact daily experiences.
- Behavior: Intentions and actions toward others.
- Cognition: Mental processes that help predict social interactions.
Research Design in Social Psychology
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Observational Research
- Purpose: Capture current states of social phenomena.
- Advantages: Provides a complete snapshot; enables further research questions.
- Disadvantages: Lacks relational data; cannot infer variables.
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Correlational Research
- Purpose: Assess relationships between two or more variables.
- Advantages: Tests expected relationships; applicable to real-life situations.
- Disadvantages: Cannot establish causation between variables.
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Experimental Research
- Purpose: Determine causal impacts of variables.
- Advantages: Allows causal conclusions; can test specific manipulations.
- Disadvantages: Limited manipulation of variables; can be resource-intensive.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of social psychology, including its history, key figures, and the evolution of the field over time. Explore how social interactions affect behaviors and attitudes, and discover significant milestones in the development of social psychology as a scientific discipline.
