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Questions and Answers
What are shamans?
What are shamans?
Medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers.
What is psychoanalysis?
What is psychoanalysis?
A clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
What does psychoanalysis assume about psychological defenses?
What does psychoanalysis assume about psychological defenses?
It assumes that people use psychological defenses to protect themselves against threatening impulses, thoughts, feelings, and fantasies.
What is empiricism?
What is empiricism?
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What is structuralism?
What is structuralism?
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What is functionalism?
What is functionalism?
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What are the three early schools of thought in psychology?
What are the three early schools of thought in psychology?
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Who were the first psychologists?
Who were the first psychologists?
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Who set up the first laboratory and is known as the birthplace of experimental psychology?
Who set up the first laboratory and is known as the birthplace of experimental psychology?
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Who is the founder of American psychology?
Who is the founder of American psychology?
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What is behaviorism?
What is behaviorism?
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A behaviorist might study...
A behaviorist might study...
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Whom is most associated with the functionalist movement?
Whom is most associated with the functionalist movement?
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A cognitive psychologist is most likely interested in...
A cognitive psychologist is most likely interested in...
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A psychologist who studies logical reasoning is _____________ psychologist.
A psychologist who studies logical reasoning is _____________ psychologist.
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In which field of psychology is a professor likely working if she studies how the size of the amygdala affects a child's tendency to become a bully?
In which field of psychology is a professor likely working if she studies how the size of the amygdala affects a child's tendency to become a bully?
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____________ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
____________ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
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Clinical psychologists...
Clinical psychologists...
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What does softwiring refer to?
What does softwiring refer to?
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What does the term 'nature through nurture' mean?
What does the term 'nature through nurture' mean?
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Mind body dualism states that the mind and the body are __________ entities.
Mind body dualism states that the mind and the body are __________ entities.
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Who proposed the idea of mind body dualism?
Who proposed the idea of mind body dualism?
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What does evolution mean?
What does evolution mean?
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What is evolution in terms of genetics?
What is evolution in terms of genetics?
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What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Psychology
- Shamans: Medicine individuals using rituals, such as exorcisms, to address mental problems.
- Psychoanalysis: An approach to understanding psychological disorders focusing on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
- Psychological Defenses: People employ psychological defenses to guard against threatening impulses, particularly sexual and aggressive ones.
- Empiricism: Knowledge and thoughts derive solely from experience.
- Structuralism: 19th-century school emphasizing the breakdown of experiences into elemental parts for understanding thought and behavior.
- Functionalism: Focuses on why the mind functions as it does rather than its components.
Early Schools of Thought
- Foundational Schools: Structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis are the three early schools of thought in psychology.
- Greek Philosophers: Recognized as the first psychologists, contributing significantly to early psychological theories.
- Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology, pivotal in structuralism.
- William James: Recognized as the founder of American psychology and the proponent of functionalism.
Behaviorism and Other Psychological Fields
- Behaviorism: Argues that psychology is a true science only if it studies observable behavior, excluding thoughts and feelings.
- Cognitive Psychology: Focuses on thinking processes, including logical reasoning.
- Behavioral Neuroscience: Studies the influence of brain structures, such as the amygdala, on behavior like bullying.
Psychological Approaches and Methods
- Functionalism: Advocated by William James, emphasizes mental processes and adaptability to the environment.
- Clinical Psychologists: Research treatment methods for mental disorders and promote psychological health. They may hold an MED.
- Cognitive Psychologist: Interested in the mechanisms of thinking and logical reasoning.
Nature, Nurture, and Biological Concepts
- Softwiring: Refers to biological systems that are adaptable through environmental influences, contrasting with hardwiring.
- Nature Through Nurture: Explains the ongoing interaction between the environment and biology in shaping behavior.
- Mind-Body Dualism: The philosophical concept positing that the mind and body are distinct entities, theorized by René Descartes.
Evolutionary Concepts
- Change: Refers to evolution and the adaptation of species over time.
- Evolution: The process describing changes in gene frequency within breeding species over time.
- Natural Selection: A process where nature favors specific traits that enhance reproductive success.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in Psychology chapters 1.3 and 1.4 with these flashcards. Learn about important terms such as shamans and psychoanalysis, which are fundamental to understanding mental health treatment. Boost your understanding of psychological disorders and their historical context.