Psychoanalysis and Freud's Theories
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Questions and Answers

Carl Jung collaborated with Sigmund Freud during his visit to Clark University in 1909.

True (A)

The Interpretation of Dreams was published by Freud in 1899.

True (A)

Psychoanalysis does not consider repressed traumas as significant to human behavior.

False (B)

The Id, Ego, and Super Ego are components of Structural Theory in Psychoanalysis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dream analysis is regarded as a method of accessing the unconscious in Psychoanalysis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's methods included hypnosis for probing the conscious mind.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Topographical Theory of Psychoanalysis was developed between 1900 and 1922.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Castration complex and penis envy are concepts from the Defense Mechanisms in Psychoanalysis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anamnesis involves interpreting a patient's biography to uncover the origins of their issues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Structural Theory of Psychoanalysis was introduced before the Topographical Theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary aim of the therapist is to reveal the meaning of the manifest content.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Free association involves the individual sharing thoughts in response to specific cues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freudian slips are used as an investigative technique to reveal mental congruence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Projective tests aim to interpret responses to clear and well-defined cues.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud felt welcomed and respected during his visit to the United States in 1909.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stanley Hall was a pioneer in Developmental Psychology and was awarded an honorary doctorate alongside Freud and Jung.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Great Schism refers to the split between Freud and his disciples regarding psychoanalytic theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Five Lectures upon Psychoanalysis was delivered by Freud at Clark University.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jean Martin Charcot was a French physician who primarily worked with traumatized women in Salpêtrière hospital.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Charcot's understanding of hysterical symptoms led to the conclusion that they were solely originated in the uterus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud coauthored 'Studies on Hysteria' with Carl Jung.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's later beliefs suggested that symptoms of hysteria could result from repressed phantasies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud believed that his observations were heavily reliant on experimental testing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saul Rosenzweig introduced the conjecture that all psychotherapies produce equivalent outcomes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hysterectomy was a common treatment for hysteria before Charcot's work.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Karl Popper regarded psychoanalysis as a robust scientific theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud believed that every client with symptoms of hysteria had a history of sexual abuse.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Popper believed that the adaptability of psychoanalytic theories made them scientifically strong.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traumatic events have no relation to inducing a hypnotic state in patients according to Charcot.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Dodo bird verdict originated from a story by Lewis Carroll.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of trauma's link to mental illness was first explored by Jean Martin Charcot.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's theories were seen as conclusively provable based on empirical observation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychoanalysis is categorized as a scientific theory according to Karl Popper.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concepts of the unconscious mind and repressed desires were central to Freud's psychoanalytic theories.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The procedure used to identify attachment styles involves the separation and reunion of the caregiver and child.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychoanalysis primarily emphasizes the role of conscious thoughts in influencing behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ainsworth's method of attachment observation includes the introduction of a familiar figure for the child.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Attachment Theory emphasizes the primacy of caregiving functions in child development.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses mainly on cognitive development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's later focus in psychoanalysis included the concepts of death and aggression.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The therapeutic methods proposed by psychoanalysis include free association and projective tests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychoanalysis believes that individual differences in attachment styles have no relevance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it Reaction formation? Anna has always had a lot of energy and sometimes struggles with anger. She channels this energy into boxing, a sport where she can release her aggression in a controlled and socially acceptable environment, finding both physical and emotional benefits from the activity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it Regression?After the birth of his baby sister, 8-year-old James starts sucking his thumb and asking to sleep in his parents' bed, behaviors he had outgrown years ago.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a difficult day at work where his boss criticized him, Michael comes home feeling frustrated. Instead of addressing his feelings directly with his boss, he snaps at his partner over something trivial.

<p>diesplacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After failing to get a much-wanted promotion, Tom tells himself that he didn't really want the extra responsibilities and that the job would have interfered with his family life anyway.

<p>Rationalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it Sublimation? Anna has always had a lot of energy and sometimes struggles with anger. She channels this energy into boxing, a sport where she can release her aggression in a controlled and socially acceptable environment, finding both physical and emotional benefits from the activity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emma experienced a traumatic event during her childhood where she witnessed a serious accident involving her best friend. As an adult, she has no memory of the accident, and whenever the topic of childhood accidents comes up, she feels a vague sense of discomfort without understanding why.

<p>Repression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

is it Reaction formation? Despite feeling jealous of his colleague's promotion, Peter goes out of his way to congratulate them and even offers to help with their new responsibilities. His excessive friendliness masks his true feelings of envy and resentment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alfred Adler proposed that neurosed arise from overcompensation for feelings of insecurity

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which new directions in psychoanalysis arose from Freuds psychoanalysis

<p>individual psychology (A), active therapy (C), analytic psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

connect the correct

<p>Individual psychology = proposed by Alfred Adler Sándor Ferenczi = proposed that the therapist should play a more active role freudian psychoanlysis carried on by anna freud = started to focus more/also on children analytic psychology = proposed typed &amp; archetypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

the 4 Attachment styles are secure, preoccupied, avoidant & organised

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychoanalysis

A school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind, repressed trauma, and defense mechanisms in shaping human behavior and experience.

Sigmund Freud

An Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis. His theories emphasized the unconscious mind, repressed trauma, and defense mechanisms.

Interpretation of Dreams

Freud's groundbreaking book on the unconscious mind. It argued that dreams offer clues to the repressed desires and anxieties of the unconscious mind.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies that people use to protect themselves from anxiety and stress. Examples include repression, denial, and projection.

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Unconscious Mind

A reservoir of thoughts, feelings, and memories that are not consciously accessible but can still influence behavior and experience.

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Salpêtrière Hospital

A hospital in Paris where Jean Martin Charcot studied traumatized women, observing their hysterical symptoms.

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Hysterical Symptoms

Symptoms like paralysis, amnesia, sensory loss, and convulsions that were once mistakenly attributed to the uterus.

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Who investigated the link between trauma and mental illness?

The neurologist Jean Martin Charcot was the first to systematically study the connection between traumatic experiences and the development of mental illness.

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Charcot's Observations

Charcot noticed that traumatic events could induce a hypnotic state in his patients and that hysterical attacks were characterized by dissociation, often stemming from unbearable experiences.

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Studies on Hysteria (1895)

A significant work co-authored by Freud and Breuer, suggesting that hysterical symptoms arise from a splitting of consciousness and the recurrence of past traumatic experiences.

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Freud's Shift in Focus

While initially believing that all 'hysterical' patients had experienced sexual abuse, Freud shifted his focus to the role of repressed fantasies in creating symptoms.

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Repressed Phantasies

Freud later theorized that psychological symptoms could stem from repressed fantasies, rather than only real-life traumatic events.

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Dissociation

The process of splitting or separating different aspects of consciousness, often seen as a coping mechanism for trauma.

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Psychoanalysis: What is it?

Psychoanalysis is a theory about human psychology and behavior, a treatment for mental health issues, and a historical movement.

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Phases of Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalysis evolved through several phases: Pre-psychoanalysis, Trauma Theory, Topographical Theory, and Structural Theory.

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Trauma Theory in Psychoanalysis

Trauma Theory focuses on repressed traumatic experiences, often reinterpreting them as unconscious fantasies like the Oedipus complex.

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Topographical Theory: Levels of Consciousness

This theory proposed different levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The unconscious contains repressed thoughts and desires.

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Structural Theory: Id, Ego, and Superego

This theory describes the mind as having three structures: the Id (basic desires), the Ego (mediator), and the Superego (morals).

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Psychoanalysis: Defence Mechanisms

Defence mechanisms are coping strategies used by the Ego to manage conflict between the Id and Superego. These mechanisms can be unconscious and distort reality.

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Free Association in Psychoanalysis

Free Association is a technique where patients freely express their thoughts and feelings, allowing their unconscious to surface.

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Dream Analysis in Psychoanalysis

Dreams are seen as a window into the unconscious, revealing repressed desires and conflicts. Dreams are analyzed for both their apparent (manifest) and underlying (latent) meaning.

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Latent Content

The hidden meaning or underlying message of a dream or other unconscious communication, according to psychoanalysis.

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Free Association

A technique used in psychoanalysis where the patient is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing, without censoring themselves.

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Freudian Slip

An unintentional error in speech or writing that is believed to reveal unconscious thoughts or feelings.

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Projective Tests

Psychological tests designed to reveal unconscious motives, feelings, and conflicts by having patients interpret ambiguous stimuli.

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What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis?

To uncover and understand unconscious conflicts and repressed experiences, often through the use of techniques like free association and dream analysis.

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Clark University & Psychoanalysis

A significant event in the history of psychoanalysis where Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung presented their work at Clark University in 1909, leading to increased recognition for the field.

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The Great Schism

A major rift that occurred within the psychoanalytic movement, particularly between Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, due to differing theoretical perspectives.

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What is a potential benefit of psychoanalysis?

It can help individuals gain insight into their unconscious motivations and behaviors, potentially leading to improved mental health and well-being.

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Falsifiability

A key criterion for scientific theories, meaning they can be tested and potentially proven wrong.

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Unfalsifiable Theory

A theory that cannot be tested or disproven through empirical evidence.

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Psychoanalysis (Popper's Critique)

Popper argued that psychoanalysis is unfalsifiable, meaning it cannot be tested and disproven by scientific methods. He saw it as a pseudoscience.

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Adaptability (in Theory)

The ability of a theory to explain different outcomes by adjusting its components.

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Pseudoscience

A field of study that pretends to be scientific but lacks the rigorous methods and testable claims of genuine science.

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Scientific Theory

A well-tested and repeatedly confirmed explanation of a phenomenon, based on empirical evidence and rigorous methods.

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Bold Predictions

Statements made by scientific theories that can be tested and potentially refuted, providing evidence for or against the theory.

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Empirical Evidence

Data or information gathered through systematic observation, experiments, and measurements to support or refute a theory.

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Attachment Theory

A psychological theory emphasizing the importance of early attachment relationships and the role of caregiving in shaping development.

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Caregiving Function

The primary role of a caregiver is to provide comfort, security, and support to the child, fostering their development.

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Imprinting

A rapid form of learning in which young animals form a strong attachment to the first moving object they encounter.

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Trauma and Sexuality

Psychoanalysis views trauma and sexuality as key elements in shaping the unconscious mind and influencing behavior.

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Therapeutic Focus

Psychoanalysis aims to bring unconscious conflicts to light through techniques like dream interpretation and free association, leading to resolution and healing.

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Study Notes

Session Information

  • The sessions take place Mondays, 8:15-9:45, in the Chemistry building, in the large lecture hall (Grosser Hörsaal).
  • Session 4 is on Psychoanalysis.
  • The instructor is Rui Mata.
  • The date of Session 4 is October 14, 2024

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the development of psychoanalysis, emphasizing the key figures Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.
  • Identify the key concepts of Freudian psychoanalysis, including the unconscious mind, repressed trauma, and defense mechanisms.
  • Explore the methods used in psychoanalysis, including dream interpretation, free association, and projective tests.
  • Discuss the impact of psychoanalysis, particularly its contrasts with behaviorism and attachment theory.

Sigmund Freud

  • Born in 1856 in Přibor (Freiberg/Mähren; Czech Republic).
  • Changed his name from Sigismund Schlomo to Sigmund in 1878.
  • Studied medicine in Vienna and earned his doctorate in 1881.
  • Did research with Charcot in Paris during 1885-1886.
  • Opened a private practice in Vienna in 1886.
  • Published "Studies on Hysteria" with Josef Breuer in 1895.
  • Published "The Interpretation of Dreams" in 1899.
  • Became a professor at the University of Vienna.
  • Visited Clark University (USA) in 1909.
  • Wrote "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" in 1920.
  • Fled to Paris and then London to escape the Nazis.
  • Died in 1939 by assisted suicide.

Origins and Development of Psychoanalysis

  • Jean Martin Charcot investigated the relationship between mental illness and trauma, focusing on women with hysteria in the Salpêtrière hospital.
  • Charcot discovered that the symptoms of hysteria weren't physical, but psychological, resulting from traumatic events.
  • Freud initially believed that all hysteria cases resulted from repressed sexual abuse, but later changed his view and suggested that symptoms arose from repressed fantasies.
  • Freud's original perspective on hysteria was developed in collaboration with Josef Breuer in Studies on Hysteria (1895).

Psychoanalysis: Theses and Phases

  • Psychoanalysis is a general theory of human psychology and behavior.
  • It's a method for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Psychoanalysis has evolved through multiple phases and theses.
    • Pre-psychoanalysis (1881-1894)
    • Trauma theory (1895-1899) with repressed traumas and reinterpretation as phantasies
    • Topographical theory (1900-1922) with levels of conscious access
    • Structural theory (1923 onward) with Id, Ego, Super Ego, and Eros/Thanatos.
  • The theory suggests that much human behavior is influenced by unconscious drives.

Psychoanalysis: Methods

  • Freud initially used hypnosis in his practice.
  • From 1892, he increasingly relied on free association.
  • Dream interpretation became a pivotal tool from around 1895.
  • The method of interviewing the patient to understand subconscious thoughts, free association and projective tests are essential parts.

Psychoanalysis: Methods (Critique)

  • Freud's theories are frequently critiqued for lacking systematic empirical research.
  • Popper argued that psychoanalytic theories were unfalsifiable, meaning they couldn't be proved wrong and thus, weren't scientific.

Psychoanalysis vs. Behaviorism

  • Watson's research on conditioning children can be seen as a response to psychoanalysis' focus on early childhood.

Psychoanalysis vs. Attachment Theory

  • Mary Ainsworth's work contrasted with psychoanalysis' view, introducing attachment theory and the Strange Situation Procedure.

Comparing and Contrasting Schools

  • The final objective is to compare and contrast structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis.

Summary of Psychoanalysis

  • Psychoanalysis emphasizes the power of the unconscious mind.
  • Its origins lie in understanding trauma's role in mental illness.
  • Freud believed that psychological issues stemmed from trauma, sexuality, parent-child relations, and psychological defense mechanisms.
  • Techniques centered on dream interpretation, free association, and projective tests were developed.
  • Psychoanalytic theory has its critiques and oppositions to other theoretical perspectives like behaviorism and attachment.

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History of Psychology Session 4: Psychoanalysis PDF

Description

This quiz explores the foundational concepts of psychoanalysis established by Sigmund Freud. Participants will delve into Freud's life, important works, and key theories such as the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. Test your knowledge on his significant contributions and methods within the field of psychology.

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