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What is the term for positive stress that promotes health and well-being?
What is the term for positive stress that promotes health and well-being?
Distress is the effect of pleasant and desirable stressors.
Distress is the effect of pleasant and desirable stressors.
False
What are stressors?
What are stressors?
Events that cause a stress reaction.
Eustress is the optimal amount of stress needed to promote __________ and well-being.
Eustress is the optimal amount of stress needed to promote __________ and well-being.
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Match the type of stress with its definition:
Match the type of stress with its definition:
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Which of the following is NOT a type of event that can cause stress?
Which of the following is NOT a type of event that can cause stress?
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Stress can only negatively impact an individual’s health.
Stress can only negatively impact an individual’s health.
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What are the two types of stress discussed?
What are the two types of stress discussed?
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What is the main characteristic of approach-avoidance conflict?
What is the main characteristic of approach-avoidance conflict?
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In avoidance-avoidance conflict, one must choose between two desirable goals.
In avoidance-avoidance conflict, one must choose between two desirable goals.
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List the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
List the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
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The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system reacts to stress by increasing heart rate.
The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system reacts to stress by increasing heart rate.
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Match the following types of conflict with their definitions:
Match the following types of conflict with their definitions:
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What happens during the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
What happens during the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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The parasympathetic division helps the body to increase energy levels during stress.
The parasympathetic division helps the body to increase energy levels during stress.
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In the General Adaptation Syndrome, the stage after resistance is called ________.
In the General Adaptation Syndrome, the stage after resistance is called ________.
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What is allostasis primarily focused on?
What is allostasis primarily focused on?
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Prolonged stress can lead to a weakened immune system.
Prolonged stress can lead to a weakened immune system.
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Name one health issue that prolonged stress can increase the risk of.
Name one health issue that prolonged stress can increase the risk of.
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Allostatic load refers to prolonged exposure to elevated levels of hormones and other stress mediators over ___, ___, or ___ resulting in wear and tear.
Allostatic load refers to prolonged exposure to elevated levels of hormones and other stress mediators over ___, ___, or ___ resulting in wear and tear.
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What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?
What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?
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Type A personality is characterized as relaxed and easygoing.
Type A personality is characterized as relaxed and easygoing.
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Excessive weight gain in Type 2 diabetes occurs when pancreas insulin levels become less ___ as body size increases.
Excessive weight gain in Type 2 diabetes occurs when pancreas insulin levels become less ___ as body size increases.
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Match the health issue with its corresponding stress effect:
Match the health issue with its corresponding stress effect:
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What does primary appraisal involve in Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach?
What does primary appraisal involve in Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach?
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Secondary appraisal occurs before primary appraisal in the stress evaluation process.
Secondary appraisal occurs before primary appraisal in the stress evaluation process.
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Name one subfield of health psychology.
Name one subfield of health psychology.
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The __________ states that task performance is related to the level of arousal and task difficulty.
The __________ states that task performance is related to the level of arousal and task difficulty.
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What is the focus of health psychologists?
What is the focus of health psychologists?
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Match the appraisal types with their descriptions:
Match the appraisal types with their descriptions:
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Inadequate resources during secondary appraisal can lead to increased stress.
Inadequate resources during secondary appraisal can lead to increased stress.
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What is the result of cognitive reappraisal according to Jamieson et al.?
What is the result of cognitive reappraisal according to Jamieson et al.?
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What is concentrative meditation primarily focused on?
What is concentrative meditation primarily focused on?
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A strong social support system can help a person cope with stressors.
A strong social support system can help a person cope with stressors.
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What is mindfulness meditation?
What is mindfulness meditation?
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Meditation can help lower __________ and muscle tension.
Meditation can help lower __________ and muscle tension.
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Match the types of social support with their benefits:
Match the types of social support with their benefits:
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Which of the following is a benefit of having a strong social support system?
Which of the following is a benefit of having a strong social support system?
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Which personality type is characterized by being relaxed and laid-back?
Which personality type is characterized by being relaxed and laid-back?
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Type A personalities are less competitive than Type B personalities.
Type A personalities are less competitive than Type B personalities.
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Cultural differences have no impact on coping strategies.
Cultural differences have no impact on coping strategies.
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What is one characteristic of a Hardy Personality?
What is one characteristic of a Hardy Personality?
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What role does marriage play in an individual's social support system?
What role does marriage play in an individual's social support system?
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Type C personalities have difficulty expressing _____ and tend to internalize anger.
Type C personalities have difficulty expressing _____ and tend to internalize anger.
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Which of the following is a trait associated with Type A personality?
Which of the following is a trait associated with Type A personality?
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Match the personality types with their descriptions:
Match the personality types with their descriptions:
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Pessimists are more likely to develop learned helplessness than optimists.
Pessimists are more likely to develop learned helplessness than optimists.
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According to Seligman, what is one advantage optimists have over pessimists?
According to Seligman, what is one advantage optimists have over pessimists?
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Study Notes
Chapter 11: Stress and Health
- Stress is a physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response to events perceived as threatening or challenging.
- Stressors are events that trigger a stress response.
- Distress is the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.
- Eustress is the effect of positive events or the optimal amount of stress needed for health and well-being.
- Catastrophes are unpredictable, large-scale events that create a need for adaptation.
- Major life changes cause stress by requiring adjustment.
- The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures the amount of stress from major life events over a year.
- The College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) measures the amount of stress resulting from major life events in one year for college students.
- Hassles are daily annoyances of everyday life, associated with short-term illnesses.
- Pressure: psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person's behavior.
- Uncontrollability: the degree of control a person has over a particular event or situation. Increased stress comes with less control.
- Frustration: the psychological experience when a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need is blocked.
- External frustrations: conditions like losses, rejections, failures, and delays.
- Internal frustrations: occur when a goal or need cannot be attained due to internal or personal characteristics.
- Possible reactions to frustration include persistence, aggression, displaced aggression, and escape/withdrawal.
- Conflict: psychological experience of being drawn to two or more desires or goals, only one achievable.
- Approach–approach conflict: choosing between two desirable goals.
- Avoidance-avoidance conflict: choosing between two undesirable goals.
- Approach–avoidance conflict: a goal with both desirable and undesirable aspects.
- Multiple approach–avoidance conflict: choosing among two or more goals or having a goal with multiple options and each possessing desirable and undesirable aspects.
- The autonomic nervous system is part of the nervous system dealing with involuntary and life-sustaining activities.
- The sympathetic division reacts to stress via increased heart rate, slowed digestion, and a surge of energy to the muscles.
- The parasympathetic division returns the body to a normal state at the end of stress.
- The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- The alarm stage activates the sympathetic nervous system.
- The resistance stage shows less of the symptoms from the alarm stage until the stressor is gone.
- The exhaustion stage is when the body can no longer cope with the stress.
- The immune system is largely impacted by stress. Stress triggers the same response as infection.
- Allostasis is maintaining stability through change to meet both perceived and anticipated demands.
- Allostatic load is the prolonged exposure to elevated levels of hormones and other stress mediators over weeks, months, or years that results in wear and tear on the brain and body.
- Stress can increase the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer.
- Personality traits, like Type A, predict a reaction to stress and how individuals cope.
- Type A personalities are ambitious, time-conscious, extremely hardworking, hostile, and easily annoyed.
- Type B personalities are relaxed, laid-back, less driven, and slow to anger.
- Type C personalities are pleasant, peace-keepers, are difficulty expressing emotions, internalize anger, and are lonely, often linked to cancer.
- Type D personalities are distressed and prone to chronic stress.
- The Hardy personality thrives on stress, committing to values, having control over their lives, and challenging instead of avoiding problems.
- Explanatory styles, comparing optimists and pessimists, influence coping.
- Optimists expect positive outcomes, are less likely to develop learned helplessness, more likely to take care of their health, less likely to become depressed, and have more effectively functioning immune systems.
- Social factors increase stress as poverty, job stress, and culturally-based stressors.
- Acculturative stress comes from adapting to a new or dominant culture.
- Methods of adapting include integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization.
- Coping strategies are actions to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressors; this involves problem-focused coping (actions to eliminate the source of stress) and emotion-focused coping (changing the emotional reaction to the stressor).
- Meditation is a mental exercise to refocus attention and achieve a trance-like state of consciousness, such as concentrative meditation and mindfulness meditation.
- Social support systems, such as family, friends, neighbors, or coworkers help to cope with stress. Marriage and gender also affect social coping mechanisms.
- Different cultures perceive stressors and cope with them in separate ways.
- Religion aids coping with stress through rituals or ceremonies.
- Healthy coping strategies are important for lessening stress impacts.
Stressors in College Life
- Stressors in college life can be various and influence stress levels for individuals differently.
- Some examples of college-related stressors include workloads, lack of control, long hours, and poor conditions for the individual.
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Description
This quiz explores Chapter 11, focusing on the concepts of stress and health in psychology. It discusses different types of stress, including distress and eustress, as well as methods to measure stress through various scales. Test your understanding of how stress impacts physical and emotional well-being.
