Questions and Answers
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
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Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
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Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
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For a scientific explanation to be testable it must also be ________.
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Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
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Behaviorists study ________.
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Char is exercising skepticism about claims regarding marijuana use. She is ________.
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Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
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According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
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Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
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Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?
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Psychology refers to the ________.
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Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?
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Psychologists scientifically study ________.
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When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?
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William James was the ________.
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Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?
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Study Notes
Key Psychologists and Theories
- John Watson is recognized as a behaviorist, emphasizing observable behaviors over internal processes.
- Abraham Maslow is known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs that motivates behavior.
- Wilhelm Wundt is acknowledged as the first person referred to as a psychologist, founding the first psychology lab.
- Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory centers on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
Research Methods in Psychology
- The empirical method relies on observation as a core component for gathering data.
- Scientific explanations must be perceivable and measurable to be tested effectively, distinguishing them from mere hypotheses.
- A scientific theory is a robust explanation supported by extensive evidence over time.
Behavioral Psychology
- Behaviorists primarily study learned behavior, focusing on the influence of environment rather than internal mental states.
- The function of behavior is a core interest of functionalist psychologists, who assess behaviors holistically rather than in isolated parts.
Critical Thinking and Evaluation
- Engaging in critical thinking involves skepticism and thorough investigation of claims and information sources.
- An example of empirical research is observing and recording how watching cartoons affects heart rates.
Historical Milestones in Psychology
- William James aimed to study the function of behavior, contributing significantly to functionalism in psychology.
- Francis Cecil Sumner holds the distinction of being the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the U.S.
- Naomi Weisstein initiated the feminist revolution in psychology, advocating for women's perspectives in the field.
Nature of Psychology
- Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind and behavior, encompassing both cognitive processes and observable actions.
- As a discipline, psychology became widely accepted in the academic world during the 1800s.
Evolution and Science
- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is considered the best understanding of natural processes, bringing together various hypotheses into a cohesive theory.
Timeline and Structure of Psychology
- The first psychology textbook was authored by William James, who is often regarded as the first American psychologist.
- The scientific method begins with forming a hypothesis, laying the foundation for subsequent research steps.
Summary of Key Concepts
- Psychologists explore both the mind and behavior, utilizing empirical methods to draw significant conclusions about human nature.
- Education and research in psychology have evolved over centuries, highlighting both significant individuals and foundational theories that shaped the discipline.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key psychologists and their contributions in Chapter 1.1. This quiz covers behavioral psychology, including foundational figures like John Watson and Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Challenge yourself to identify major concepts and definitions!
