Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How do psychologists define motivation?

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

From what perspectives do psychologists view motivated behavior?

Instinct, drive-reduction, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

What physiological factors produce hunger?

Homeostatic system, stomach contractions, signals from the brain and hormones like ghrelin.

What psychological, cultural, and situational factors influence hunger?

Body chemistry and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese?

Various factors including behavioral, genetic, and environmental influences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the human sexual response cycle?

A sequence of physiological responses during sexual activity. Signup and view all the answers

What disorders disrupt the human sexual response cycle?

Sexual dysfunctions and other psychological issues. Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones, and external and internal stimuli, influence human sexual motivation?

Hormones and stimuli regulate feelings of sexual desire. Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence teen pregnancy and risk of sexually transmitted infections?

Social, educational, and individual behavioral factors. Signup and view all the answers

What has research taught us about sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation is influenced by a combination of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

Is scientific research on sexual motivation value free?

False Signup and view all the answers

What evidence points to our human need to belong?

Social connections, attachment behaviors, and studies on isolation. Signup and view all the answers

How do human factors psychologists work to create user-friendly machines and work settings?

By studying how people interact with systems and designing accordingly. Signup and view all the answers

How does social networking influence us?

It affects our social interactions, relationships, and even psychological well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'flow'?

A mental state of complete immersion and optimal experience in activities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three subfields of industrial-organizational psychology?

Personnel psychology, organizational psychology, and work psychology. Signup and view all the answers

What are some effective leadership techniques?

Motivating, communicating clearly, and being supportive. Signup and view all the answers

What is achievement motivation?

The desire to excel and achieve goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of organizational psychologists?

To study and improve workplace dynamics and productivity. Signup and view all the answers

How do personnel psychologists help organizations?

By aiding in employee selection, work placement, and performance appraisal. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivation in Psychology

Motivation is defined as a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Perspectives on motivated behavior include instinct theory, drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Instinct theory emphasizes genetically predisposed behaviors, now evolved into the evolutionary perspective.
Drive-reduction theory explains how inner pushes and external pulls work together to motivate behavior.
Arousal theory seeks to describe the quest for an optimal level of stimulation.
Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes needs, where some must be satisfied before others can be addressed.

Physiological Factors of Hunger

Hunger arises from a homeostatic system maintaining normal body weight and nutrient supply.
Physical sensations such as stomach contractions signal feelings of hunger.
The hypothalamus's production of ghrelin, a hunger-arousing hormone, plays a key role.
Hunger increases with low blood glucose and elevated ghrelin levels.

Factors Influencing Hunger

Body chemistry and environmental factors, including stress, can alter eating behaviors.
Situational influences, such as social and cultural contexts, also affect hunger and food choices.

Factors Leading to Obesity

Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers can contribute to obesity.
Psychological influences and lifestyle choices are critical in weight management.

Human Sexual Response Cycle

The human sexual response cycle includes stages: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Various disorders can disrupt this cycle, affecting sexual health and functioning.

Influence on Sexual Motivation

Hormones and both internal and external stimuli significantly affect human sexual motivation.
Factors such as stress, culture, and personal experiences can enhance or inhibit sexual desire.

Teen Pregnancy and STIs

Factors influencing teen pregnancy include lack of education, access to resources, and socio-economic circumstances.
Risk of sexually transmitted infections can be impacted by behavioral choices and education on safe practices.

Research on Sexual Orientation

Research has revealed that sexual orientation is complex and influenced by various factors, including biology and environment.
Understanding sexual orientation challenges stereotypes and misconceptions.

Value of Scientific Research on Sexual Motivation

Scientific research on sexual motivation aims to be objective, but biases can exist based on cultural and societal norms.

Human Need for Belonging

Evidence of our need to belong includes social behaviors, relationships, and the effects of isolation on mental health.
Strong social ties contribute to overall well-being and satisfaction.

Human Factors Psychology

Human factors psychologists design user-friendly machines and work settings to enhance comfort and efficiency.
Emphasis on ergonomics and the user experience improves productivity and safety in various environments.

Social networking impacts communication, identity formation, and relationships in contemporary society.
Online interactions can foster connections but may also lead to issues like cyberbullying and isolation.

Flow in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

"Flow" refers to a state of complete immersion and engagement in an activity.
The three subfields of industrial-organizational psychology include personnel psychology, organizational psychology, and human factors psychology.

Leadership Techniques

Effective leadership techniques involve clear communication, empathy, and adaptability.
Leaders should foster a positive organizational culture and motivate team members.

Achievement Motivation

Achievement motivation reflects the desire to accomplish goals and the pursuit of excellence.
Organizational psychologists support this through motivational strategies and workplace design.

Role of Personnel Psychologists

Personnel psychologists assist in employee selection, work placement, and performance appraisal.
Their expertise helps organizations optimize human resources and enhance employee satisfaction.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in Chapter 11 of Psychology, focusing on the definition and perspectives on motivation. Psychologists examine motivated behavior through various theories, including instinct, drive-reduction, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Test your understanding of these motivational frameworks with flashcards.