Psychology Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines even when it was clearly incorrect?

Solomon Asch

______ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

What does Johnathon's reaction to the old man lying on the sidewalk illustrate?

the bystander effect

What best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment Signup and view all the answers

The _______ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

Asch Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task Signup and view all the answers

How does the jigsaw classroom operate?

Students are each given a piece of information that must be shared to solve a problem. Signup and view all the answers

What is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

groupthink Signup and view all the answers

What was the main task of the Solomon Asch studies?

judging line sizes Signup and view all the answers

According to Milgram, what is the most fundamental lesson from his study of obedience?

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction. Signup and view all the answers

Why are most people likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment?

the 'teachers' were more obedient than most people would have predicted. Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of psychology is most concerned with how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

social psychology Signup and view all the answers

What can a company executive do to prevent groupthink?

welcome a variety of opinions from employees and invite experts to evaluate her company's long-term plan. Signup and view all the answers

If Janeka picks on her mother's cooking after doing poorly on her psychology final, how might a frustration aggression theorist explain this?

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother Signup and view all the answers

What strategy could effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism Signup and view all the answers

What does the bystander effect refer to?

the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the emergency is being observed by a number of other people. Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when one adjusts their behavior or thinking toward a group standard?

conformity Signup and view all the answers

In March of 1964, during the fatal attack on Kitty Genovese, out of 38 people who observed the attack, ________ called 911.

0 Signup and view all the answers

Asch's studies showed that overall conformity to group pressure occurred about ______ of the time.

1/3 Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers find after the prisoners staged a revolt in Zimbardo's prison study?

the guards became more aggressive Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conformity and Group Dynamics

Solomon Asch demonstrated that individuals often conform to a group's incorrect judgment regarding line lengths, showing the power of social influence.
Group polarization occurs when discussions within a group strengthen original attitudes, leading to more extreme positions.
The Asch effect refers to the influence of the majority on an individual's judgment, particularly in ambiguous situations.

Bystander Effect

The bystander effect illustrates a phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present, as demonstrated by Johnathon's observation of a man in need.
In a notable case, Kitty Genovese was attacked while 38 witnesses did not call for help, highlighting the chilling effect of the bystander effect.

Obedience and Authority

Milgram's studies on obedience revealed that ordinary people can commit harmful acts when instructed by authority figures, indicating a troubling aspect of human nature.
Most people underestimated the willingness of "teachers" to comply with orders in Milgram's initial experiments.

Group Behavior and Psychology

Social psychology is the branch concerned with how people think about and interact with one another, focusing on group dynamics and influence.
Groupthink occurs when individuals modify their opinions to align with perceived group consensus, often leading to poor decision-making.
Techniques like inviting diverse opinions or employing the jigsaw classroom method, where students share information to solve problems, can reduce groupthink and improve collaboration.

Prejudice, Racism, and Aggression

Effective strategies to reduce prejudice include fostering cooperation among groups under equal conditions, which promotes understanding.
Teaching children independent thinking and challenging societal norms can help combat racism.
Frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration in one context, such as performing poorly on an exam, can lead to targeted aggression in another context, as seen with Janeka's behavior towards her mother.

Experimental Findings

Asch's research indicated that about one-third of participants conformed to group pressures.
Zimbardo's prison experiment showed that the roles of guards led to increased aggression when prisoners attempted to rebel, raising ethical concerns about situational influences on behavior.

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Description

Explore key concepts from Chapter 10 of Psychology with these flashcards. This chapter delves into the dynamics of conformity, group polarization, and social influences on behavior. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of these crucial psychological principles.