Psychology Chapter 1: Tests and History

True (A)

Reliability refers to the consistency of test results over time or internally within itself, while validity indicates how accurately a test measures what it claims to measure.

<p>measurement error</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test fairness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability = The extent to which a test consistently measures what it is supposed to measure over time. Validity = The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Standardization = Procedures for administering, scoring, and interpreting tests that are consistent across all test takers. Norms = A set of standards used to compare an individual's test score to a larger group of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different cultures may have different interpretations of concepts or behaviors assessed by the test, leading to inaccurate results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding and improving the reliability of psychological tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalizability theory considers multiple sources of potential error in test scores, unlike CTT, which focuses on a single error score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>items</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Face Validity = The extent to which a test appears to measure what it is intended to measure. Content Validity = The extent to which a test covers all relevant aspects of the construct it is designed to measure. Criterion Validity = The extent to which a test score correlates with other measures of the same construct or with real-world outcomes. Construct Validity = The extent to which a test measures the underlying theoretical construct it is designed to measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compare an individual's performance to a normative group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent Validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galton's contributions include his early work in measuring mental abilities, his emphasis on hereditary influences on intelligence, and his development of statistical methods like correlation and regression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>specific learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norm-Referenced Test = Compares performance to normative group Criterion-Referenced Test = Measures achievement of specific objectives Standard Scores = Scores reported in relation to a normative group's performance Pass/Fail = Common reporting method for CRTs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To indicate the deviation from the mean in terms of standard deviations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantage: Allows for easy comparison of scores across different tests; Disadvantage: May not accurately represent individual performance if the test is not normed properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>median</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range = Difference between the highest and lowest values Variance = Average of the squared differences from the mean Standard Deviation = Square root of variance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WISC-v (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive Ability and Intelligence Tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MMPI-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the test taker's responses and derive conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personality tests = Assess individual character traits Neuropsychological tests = Evaluate brain function Achievement tests = Measure knowledge in specific areas Aptitude tests = Predict future performance in various tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practical significance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X = T + E</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>factor analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test-retest = Tests given to the same subjects at different times Parallel forms = Equal means and variances of observed test scores Internal consistency = Measures the reliability within a test Inter-rater reliability = Agreement between different scorers or judges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error (E) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kappa (k)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Professionals eligible to interpret test results typically have a degree in psychology or related fields.

Advanced qualification tests requiring expertise in administration, scoring, and clinical use.

Assess mental capabilities like reasoning, problem-solving, and planning.

Measure knowledge or skills in a specific subject area, like a final exam.

Assessment tools designed to evaluate individual character or temperament.

Different components of a test including content, format, and administration.

The process of analyzing responses to derive meaning from test results.

Attributes of a test that measure its reliability, validity, and fairness.

The consistency or stability of test results over time or internally.

The extent to which a test accurately measures what it claims to measure.

The process ensuring uniform administration, scoring, and interpretation of a test.

A set of standards from a representative sample allowing interpretation of individual scores.

The difference between the observed score and the true score due to inaccuracies.

The extent to which a test is free from bias and provides equitable outcomes.

Selective attention to behaviors consistent with expectations, like confirmation bias.

Computer Assisted Psychological Assessment allows tailor-made tests with scoring and interpretation.

Tests that compare individual performance to a normative group, using standardized scores.

Tests that measure whether someone has achieved specific learning objectives, focusing on mastery, not comparison.

Scores that indicate an individual's position relative to a normative group, expressed in rank or percentiles.

A measure indicating the relative standing of a score within a normative group, showing how many fall below that score.

Indicates whether an individual has fully achieved specific learning objectives in CRTs.

Mean, median, and mode used to summarize a data set.

A measure of how many standard deviations an element is from the mean (x-mu/sd).

A measure of asymmetry in a distribution; negative skew means a tail on the left.

Describes the shape of a distribution's tails; platy (flat), meso (medium), lepto (high).

A psychometric theory predicting outcomes of psychological testing based on true scores and error scores.

The accurate or error-free score a test-taker would obtain without any measurement error.

The consistency of test results measured over time or across different items in a test.

A theory extending CTT, examining multiple sources of error and generalization of results.

A theory measuring how well questions perform based on the difficulty and individual answers.

Four types of validity: face, content, criterion (predictive/concurrent), and construct (convergent/discriminant).

A data reduction technique aiding in establishing construct validity by identifying underlying factors.

A framework for quantifying convergent and discriminant validities to evaluate construct validity.

A measure indicating the practical significance of a research outcome.

A measure of internal consistency for a test's reliability.

The total score obtained by a test taker, including true score and error.

Assessing consistency by giving the same test to the same subjects at different times.

An estimate of test-retest reliability after intervals greater than 6 months.

The level of agreement between two or more raters on the same measure.