Questions and Answers
Who is considered the father of modern psychology?
Who is known for examining the goals and purposes of behaviors?
What did Sir Francis Galton believe accounted for our personality?
Genetics
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
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What is Mary Calkins known for?
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Who is best known for experiments on dogs?
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What idea did B.F. Skinner propose?
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What approach to psychology did Abraham Maslow develop?
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Who is known as a French cognitive psychologist?
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What approach did Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka develop?
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Traci gets good grades because her parents give her $5 for every A. This is an example of ______.
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Frank lies to his friends because he wants them to like him. This is an example of ______.
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Jack becomes depressed because he keeps telling himself 'Nobody likes me.' This is an example of ______.
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Marci's unconscious resentment toward her mother leads her to be rude to all adult women. This is an example of ______.
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Wayne quits his job because he can't get along with his Puerto Rican boss. This is an example of ______.
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Lucy constantly picks on Charlie Brown, which causes adrenalin to be released in her body, which then affects her ability to control her temper. This is an example of ______.
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Who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances?
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Who usually helps people deal with problems of everyday life?
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Who studies changes that occur as people get older?
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Who works primarily in mental health to social welfare agencies?
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Who is employed in companies trying to improve working conditions?
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Who works in legal, court, and correctional systems?
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Who works in business settings or within government to study the effects of the environment on people?
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What is the best definition of psychology?
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What type of psychologist uses information about sleeping patterns and aging to prescribe tips on sleeping better?
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Introspection refers to the process of ______.
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According to Freud, what are three reasons our behavior is motivated by?
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What was the main purpose of Freud's psychoanalysis?
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What are three things the sociocultural approach states that behavior is influenced by?
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The divisions of the APA represent different specialties in what?
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According to behaviorists, free will does not really exist at any age or under any situation.
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Carl Rogers (humanist) would agree with the statement 'Sarah felt sad because _____'.
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The most popular areas of psychology are counseling and clinical.
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Psychology involves the study of animals and humans.
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Gestalt psychology emphasizes that perception is more than the sum of its parts.
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Medical professionals who treat people with disturbed behaviors are psychologists.
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Experimental psychologists often work in university laboratory situations.
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Use two psychological approaches to explain Judy's behavior regarding her poor grades.
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Use two psychological approaches to explain Sue's behavior as a new foreign exchange student.
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Who was the first philosopher to make a connection between mind and body?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt: Known as the father of modern psychology; foundational structuralist.
- William James: Father of American psychology; functionalist focused on the purposes of behavior.
- Sir Francis Galton: Pioneer in the study of genetics; believed genetics influenced personality.
- Sigmund Freud: Established the first comprehensive theory of personality; known as a psychoanalyst.
- Mary Calkins: Studied under William James; first female president of the American Psychological Association; faced rejection from Harvard.
- Ivan Pavlov: Renowned behaviorist; famous for classical conditioning experiments with dogs.
- B.F. Skinner: Behaviorist known for developing the concept of reinforcement in behavioral psychology.
- Abraham Maslow: Creator of the Humanistic approach; developed the hierarchy of needs.
- Jean Piaget: French cognitive psychologist; theorized personality develops through four stages in childhood.
- Max Wertheimer & Kurt Koffka: Founders of Gestalt psychology in Germany, emphasizing holistic perception.
Psychological Approaches
- Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behavior and reinforcement; exemplified by incentives for good performance, like grades in exchange for money.
- Humanistic Psychology: Emphasizes individual potential and self-actualization; behavior influenced by self-perception and desires for acceptance.
- Cognitive Psychology: Addresses mental processes; negative self-talk can lead to depression.
- Psychoanalytic Theory: Views behavior as influenced by unconscious motives and childhood experiences; unresolved conflicts may manifest in interpersonal issues.
- Sociocultural Psychology: Examines behavior through the lens of societal and cultural influences; experiences of discrimination impact personal relationships.
- Biological/Neurobiological Psychology: Explores the physiological basis of behavior; stress and adrenaline influence temper and control.
Types of Psychologists
- Clinical Psychologist: Focuses on diagnosing and treating emotional disturbances.
- Counseling Psychologist: Assists individuals in managing everyday problems and life transitions.
- Developmental Psychologist: Investigates psychological changes across the lifespan.
- Community Psychologist: Engages with mental health initiatives in social welfare settings.
- Industrial Psychologist: Works within organizations to enhance working conditions and productivity.
- Forensic Psychologist: Applies psychological principles in legal contexts and the justice system.
- Environmental Psychologist: Studies the impact of environmental factors on individuals in business and government sectors.
Concepts in Psychology
- Introspection: A method involving self-examination of thoughts and feelings.
- Freud’s Motivations: Behavior is driven by sexual/aggressive impulses, unconscious conflicts, and childhood experiences.
- Purpose of Psychoanalysis: Aims to uncover repressed impulses to foster self-awareness.
- Sociocultural Influences: Behavior is shaped by social norms, ethnicity, and religious factors.
- Free Will: According to behaviorists, true free will does not exist in any context.
True/False Insights
- Many psychology students find counseling and clinical psychology to be the most popular areas.
- Psychology encompasses the study of both animals and humans.
- Gestalt psychology contrasts behaviorism by highlighting that perception involves more than summation of individual parts.
- Medical professionals who address disturbed behaviors are often psychiatrists, not psychologists.
- Experimental psychologists frequently conduct research in university labs.
Application of Psychological Theories
- The case of Judy: Her behavioral decline due to parental divorce can be understood through humanistic views of unmet potential and cognitive interpretations of her situation affecting her performance.
- The case of Sue: Her struggles in an American school demonstrate sociocultural challenges related to ethnicity and language barriers, along with cognitive self-perceptions leading to withdrawal.
Historic Connection
- René Descartes: Credited for being the first philosopher to relate the mind and body, paving the way for dualistic interpretations in psychology.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key figures in psychology with this Chapter 1 flashcard quiz. Explore the foundational concepts introduced by pioneers like Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Sigmund Freud. Perfect for students wanting to grasp the basics of modern psychology.
