Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz

This theory suggests that sleep allows the body to repair itself and replenish essential resources.

This type of memory rehearsal involves making information meaningful by connecting it to existing knowledge or experiences.

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often triggered by strong emotions.

The tendency to perceive something in a certain way due to past experiences or expectations.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this need is the most fundamental and must be met before any others.

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.

The clear, flexible structure inside the eye that focuses light on the retina.

The motivation to engage in an activity for its own inherent satisfaction, without external rewards.

Antiretroviral medication taken daily by HIV-negative individuals before risky behavior to reduce HIV acquisition.

A smaller group of individuals selected from a larger population to represent the characteristics of that population.

Problem-solving approach using mental shortcuts or 'rules of thumb' to make quick decisions.

A mental disorder characterized by disruptions in memory, identity, and consciousness, often linked to severe childhood trauma.

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.

A continuum or spectrum of sexual orientation, recognizing that attraction and identity are not always fixed categories.

A research method where participants are randomly assigned to different groups to control for extraneous variables.

A problem-solving strategy that involves finding a solution by suddenly understanding the problem, often through a different perspective.

Annoying, everyday stressors that occur frequently, such as losing keys or traffic jams.

A psychological disorder characterized by intense, unstable relationships, mood swings, impulsivity, self-harm, and fear of abandonment.

The psychological perspective emphasizing the importance of consciousness in everyday life, focusing on how the mind helps us adapt, live, and function.

A genetic condition in males caused by an extra X chromosome (XXY), resulting in physical and developmental differences.

A sexual disorder characterized by persistent, intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person.

The psychological experience of needing a drug to feel normal or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

The theory that love is composed of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

The brain region responsible for processing and storing fear memories.

The psychological experience caused by being blocked from achieving a goal or fulfilling a need.

A defense mechanism where painful memories are pushed into the unconscious mind, making them inaccessible to conscious awareness.

The second step in Lazarus's 2-step appraisal process involves evaluating whether one possesses the resources to cope with a stressful event or potential stressor.

According to Carl Rogers, this is a state where a person experiences dissatisfaction and engages in neurotic behavior due to a perceived mismatch between their real self and their ideal self.

The rhythm and emphasis used in speaking, conveying meaning and emotion.

The true, underlying or symbolic meaning of events occurring in a dream, rather than the literal events themselves.

The belief in one's own ability to succeed in specific situations or tasks.

Things that entice or motivate people to take action. They can be positive (rewards) or negative (punishments).

This group has significantly higher rates of HIV infection compared to heterosexual men.

The ability to notice a change in a stimulus 50% of the time. It's the smallest detectable difference.

The sensory system that’s most developed at birth is hearing.

A type of memory that holds auditory information for a brief period, usually around 3-4 seconds.

A type of sleep characterized by vivid dreams, rapid eye movements, and muscle paralysis.

Inborn resistance to learning certain behaviors. It’s a biological challenge to conditioning.

A more intense form of mania with more severe symptoms and disruptive behavior.

A cluster of symptoms associated with schizophrenia, including flat affect (showing little emotion), avolition (lack of motivation), and alogia (poverty of speech).

It refers to the binocular cue for depth perception that involves the eyes turning inward (converging) to focus on a nearby object.

A false belief that persists despite evidence to the contrary.

A substance that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor and activating it.

A stimulant that increases alertness, energy, and focus, often leading to euphoria and hyperactivity.

A model of memory that suggests information is stored based on its meaning and processing depth.

Photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for vision in dim light and peripheral vision.

An effect observed in clinical trials where participants in a control group show improvement due to the expectation of treatment, even though they receive a placebo.

A theory of intelligence that proposed a general intelligence factor (g) responsible for overall cognitive ability, and specific intelligence factors (s) that contribute to specific skills.

The tendency of information at the beginning and end of a list to be remembered better than information in the middle.