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Questions and Answers
What do the nature and nurture debates primarily focus on?
In which psychological perspective does functionalism primarily belong?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of analysis in psychological science?
What does the functionalist approach emphasize about mental processes?
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How do nature and nurture interact according to modern psychological theories?
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What is the primary period during which exposure to teratogens is most harmful to prenatal development?
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Which of the following is a consequence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
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How do individual differences in susceptibility affect the impact of teratogens?
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Which of these sources is categorized as a potential teratogen that may harm prenatal development?
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Which statement best describes sleeper effects in the context of prenatal teratogen exposure?
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Which prenatal stage is characterized by no new structures emerging while the organism becomes stronger and larger?
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What is the primary risk associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol?
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During which specific period do most internal organs form?
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Which option correctly identifies the sequence of prenatal development stages?
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What is the recommended guideline regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Prenatal Development Stages
- Zygote - From conception to 2 weeks.
- Embryo - From 2 weeks to 8 weeks. Critical period of development when most internal organs form.
- Fetus - From 8 weeks to birth. No new structures emerge but grows stronger and larger.
Teratogens
- Definition: Agents from the environment that can cause harm to a developing human organism.
- Sources: Nature, industry, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, disease, behavior.
- Embryonic period is most sensitive
- Alcohol: Can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), leading cause of intellectual disability in Western Hemisphere.
- Possible Outcomes of FAS: Hyperactivity, attention problems, various organ defects.
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Without FAS: Neurological impairments, hyperactivity.
- No Safe Amount of Alcohol: For optimal outcomes, pregnant women should avoid consuming alcohol.
Brain Development
- By age 4: Brain grows to about 80% of adult size.
- Synaptic Pruning: Synaptic connections used are preserved, those not used are lost.
- Poverty: Can diminish an environment, impacting development.
Synaptic Connections Development
- Infant overdevelops synapses and then prunes away connections that are not needed as they develop.
Dynamic Systems Theory
- Describes Development: Development is a self-organizing process.
- New Behaviors Emerge: Through consistent interactions between a biological being and their environment.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in psychology, focusing on the nature versus nurture debate, functionalism, and the levels of analysis in psychological science. This quiz will help reinforce your grasp of fundamental theories and perspectives in the field.
