Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Anything we do that can be measured, including all of our outward actions and reactions.

All the internal, covert activity of our minds.

<p>Description, explanation, prediction, control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers must observe objectively to prevent biases and precise measurements are necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing a behavior and noting everything about it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A general explanation of a set of observations or facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining what will happen in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The modification of behavior to change from an undesirable one to a desirable one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structure or basic elements of the mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of objectively examining and measuring one's thoughts and mental activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wundt's student who brought structuralism to America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt; he emphasized objectivity and established the first experimental lab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Titchener.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G. Stanley Hall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychological perspective that focuses on how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern fields of educational, evolutionary, and industrial/organizational psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin's natural selection theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of James' students and the first female president of the APA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory and therapy based on Sigmund Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous disorders with no found physical cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That there is an unconscious mind that represses threatening urges and desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That they were learned, as illustrated by the case of 'Little Albert.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ivan Pavlov's work on reflexes and conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That it stems from unconscious motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That all behavior is learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of a sense of self and other motivations behind behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It studies how behavior is shaped through conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach emphasizing human potential, with roots in philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achieving one's full potential or ideal self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of physical changes in the brain and nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explores how behavior is influenced by social norms and cultural contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of cultural behaviors, values, and expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It views human and animal behavior as a result of biological events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It examines links between human behavior and Darwin's theory of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological bases for universal mental characteristics shared by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As having an adaptive or survival value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shifting focus from negative aspects to positive strengths and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Seligman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect facts supporting theories, lead to new theories, and apply results to everyday problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical, counseling, developmental, experimental, social, personality, physiological, comparative, industrial/organizational (I/O).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area of psychology that diagnoses and treats psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication, while psychologists typically cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area of psychology addressing less severe issues, such as stress and adjustment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of changes in people throughout their lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area focused on research and experiments in learning, memory, perception, and more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of the biological bases of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of differences in personality among individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of animal behavior for comparison with human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study concerned with workplace relationships and environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through research, counseling, treatment, and education, psychology improves lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of gathering data to reduce bias and error in measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulate the question, develop a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions, report results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tentative explanation based on observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, case study, surveys, correlation method, experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment without interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a realistic picture of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observer effect, observer bias, each observation is unique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of subjects to alter their behavior when they know they are being observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watching behavior in a controlled laboratory setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for control over the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can create artificial situations that may lead to artificial behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A detailed study of one individual or group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gives a realistic picture of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannot apply to others, vulnerable to bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phineas Gage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers ask a series of questions about the topic being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A representative sample, randomly selected from a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide data from large numbers of people and can study covert behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Must ensure a representative sample; people may not always be accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire group in which the researcher is interested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlations and experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the relationship between 2 variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anything that can change or vary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>correlation coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjects who are subjected to the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjects not subjected to the independent variable, who may receive a placebo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assigning subjects to groups randomly for equal chance of being placed in either group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deliberate manipulation of a variable to observe its effect on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A definition of a variable of interest that allows for direct measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable representing the measurable response of subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expectations of participants can influence their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of the experimenter's expectations on study results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study where neither the experimenter nor subjects know group assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Answer questions we could never do with human research.</p> Signup and view all the answers