Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is free association?

Free association is everything that comes to mind - no matter how absurd or irrelevant it seemed - without attempting to produce logical or meaningful statements.

Who came up with free association?

Sigmund Freud

How does free association fit into psychoanalysis?

It gives patients insight into their behavior.

What did Sir Francis Galton study?

Galton studied how heredity influences a person's abilities, character, and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How did Galton study his theories?

He traced the ancestry of various eminent people and found that greatness runs in families. Signup and view all the answers

What were Galton's conclusions about eminence?

He concluded that eminence is a genetic trait. Signup and view all the answers

List the four goals of psychology.

Description, Explanation, Prediction, Influence Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychiatrist?

A psychiatrist specializes in treating people with disturbed behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is psychology?

Psychology is the scientific, systematic study of behaviors and mental processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is introspection?

Introspection is a method of self-observation in which participants report on their thoughts and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is an assumption or prediction about behavior or an educated guess. Signup and view all the answers

What are principles in psychology?

Principles are valid ideas about behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory in psychology?

A theory is a set of assumptions used to explain why something is the way it is and happens the way it does. Signup and view all the answers

What is dualism?

Dualism is the concept that mind and body are separate and distinct. Signup and view all the answers

What does unconscious mean in psychology?

Unconscious refers to thoughts, impulses, and desires that cannot be known directly but influence our behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychologist?

A psychologist is an expert or specialist in psychology. Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest association for psychologists?

American Psychological Association (APA) Signup and view all the answers

What does a health psychologist do?

A health psychologist studies how stress impacts a person's physical well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What does an industrial psychologist do?

An industrial psychologist helps boost production in a business. Signup and view all the answers

What does an educational psychologist do?

An educational psychologist helps with motivating, memory, and problem-solving of students. Signup and view all the answers

What does a counseling psychologist do?

A counseling psychologist deals with helping people manage everyday life problems. Signup and view all the answers

What does a forensic psychologist do?

A forensic psychologist gains personality profiles and works in legal and court systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives. Signup and view all the answers

What did Sigmund Freud argue about conscious experiences?

Freud argued that conscious experiences are only the tip of the iceberg. Signup and view all the answers

What study of psychology did William James start?

William James started the study of psychology focused on the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt Signup and view all the answers

Who said 'know thyself'?

Socrates Signup and view all the answers

What does the scientific method include?

A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Free Association and Psychoanalysis

Free Association: A technique where individuals express thoughts without censorship, revealing unconscious processes.
Sigmund Freud developed the concept, linking it to psychoanalysis for gaining insights into behavior.

Sir Francis Galton's Research

Galton studied heredity's role in shaping abilities, character, and behavior.
His methodology involved tracing eminent individuals' ancestries, concluding that greatness is hereditary.

Psychology's Goals

Four primary goals of psychology: Description, Explanation, Prediction, Influence.

Key Definitions in Psychology

Psychiatry: Field focused on treating disturbed behavior.
Psychology: Scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
Introspection: Self-observation method for reporting personal thoughts and feelings.
Hypothesis: A testable assumption or prediction about behaviors.

Theoretical Foundations

Principles: Valid ideas that underpin behaviors.
Theory: A collection of assumptions providing explanations for phenomena.
Dualism: Concept that mind and body exist as separate entities.
Unconscious: Elements of cognition that influence behavior without conscious awareness.

Types of Psychologists and Their Specializations

Psychologists: Experts in the field of psychology.
American Psychological Association (APA): The largest professional organization for psychologists.
Health Psychology: Focus on how stress affects physical well-being.
Industrial Psychology: Assists businesses in enhancing productivity.
Educational Psychology: Addresses motivation, memory, and problem-solving in students.
Counseling Psychology: Helps individuals manage everyday life challenges.
Forensic Psychology: Works with legal systems to assess personality and behaviors.

Psychological Perspectives

Sociocultural Psychology: Examines the influence of culture on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Cognitive Psychology: Studies information processing and its impact on thinking and creativity.
Humanism: Emphasizes free will and personal growth potential.
Behaviorism: Concentrates on observable behaviors rather than internal states.
Functionalism: Explores how mental processes adapt to environmental challenges.

Historical Contributors

Sigmund Freud: Proposed unconscious motives influence behavior and developed methods like free association.
William James: Focused on the environment's role in shaping psychological experiences.
Wilhelm Wundt: Recognized as the father of psychology for founding experimental psychology.
Socrates: Famous for the philosophical tenet "know thyself."

Research Methodology

Scientific Method: A systematic approach for investigating phenomena, ensuring reliability and minimizing biases.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 1 of Psychology with these flashcards. Learn about free association, its origin, and its role in psychoanalysis. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of foundational psychological concepts.