Questions and Answers
What is free association?
Free association is everything that comes to mind - no matter how absurd or irrelevant it seemed - without attempting to produce logical or meaningful statements.
Who came up with free association?
Sigmund Freud
How does free association fit into psychoanalysis?
It gives patients insight into their behavior.
What did Sir Francis Galton study?
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How did Galton study his theories?
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What were Galton's conclusions about eminence?
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List the four goals of psychology.
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What is a psychiatrist?
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What is psychology?
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What is introspection?
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What is a hypothesis?
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What are principles in psychology?
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What is a theory in psychology?
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What is dualism?
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What does unconscious mean in psychology?
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What is a psychologist?
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What is the largest association for psychologists?
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What does a health psychologist do?
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What does an industrial psychologist do?
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What does an educational psychologist do?
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What does a counseling psychologist do?
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What does a forensic psychologist do?
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What is psychoanalysis?
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What did Sigmund Freud argue about conscious experiences?
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What study of psychology did William James start?
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Who is considered the father of psychology?
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Who said 'know thyself'?
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What does the scientific method include?
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Study Notes
Free Association and Psychoanalysis
- Free Association: A technique where individuals express thoughts without censorship, revealing unconscious processes.
- Sigmund Freud developed the concept, linking it to psychoanalysis for gaining insights into behavior.
Sir Francis Galton's Research
- Galton studied heredity's role in shaping abilities, character, and behavior.
- His methodology involved tracing eminent individuals' ancestries, concluding that greatness is hereditary.
Psychology's Goals
- Four primary goals of psychology: Description, Explanation, Prediction, Influence.
Key Definitions in Psychology
- Psychiatry: Field focused on treating disturbed behavior.
- Psychology: Scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
- Introspection: Self-observation method for reporting personal thoughts and feelings.
- Hypothesis: A testable assumption or prediction about behaviors.
Theoretical Foundations
- Principles: Valid ideas that underpin behaviors.
- Theory: A collection of assumptions providing explanations for phenomena.
- Dualism: Concept that mind and body exist as separate entities.
- Unconscious: Elements of cognition that influence behavior without conscious awareness.
Types of Psychologists and Their Specializations
- Psychologists: Experts in the field of psychology.
- American Psychological Association (APA): The largest professional organization for psychologists.
- Health Psychology: Focus on how stress affects physical well-being.
- Industrial Psychology: Assists businesses in enhancing productivity.
- Educational Psychology: Addresses motivation, memory, and problem-solving in students.
- Counseling Psychology: Helps individuals manage everyday life challenges.
- Forensic Psychology: Works with legal systems to assess personality and behaviors.
Psychological Perspectives
- Sociocultural Psychology: Examines the influence of culture on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
- Cognitive Psychology: Studies information processing and its impact on thinking and creativity.
- Humanism: Emphasizes free will and personal growth potential.
- Behaviorism: Concentrates on observable behaviors rather than internal states.
- Functionalism: Explores how mental processes adapt to environmental challenges.
Historical Contributors
- Sigmund Freud: Proposed unconscious motives influence behavior and developed methods like free association.
- William James: Focused on the environment's role in shaping psychological experiences.
- Wilhelm Wundt: Recognized as the father of psychology for founding experimental psychology.
- Socrates: Famous for the philosophical tenet "know thyself."
Research Methodology
- Scientific Method: A systematic approach for investigating phenomena, ensuring reliability and minimizing biases.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 1 of Psychology with these flashcards. Learn about free association, its origin, and its role in psychoanalysis. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of foundational psychological concepts.