Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of psychology?

  • The study of physical processes in the brain.
  • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. (correct)
  • The examination of human relationships.
  • The analysis of societal norms.
  • What systematic methods does psychology use?

    To observe human behavior and draw conclusions.

    What encompasses behavior?

    Everything we do that can be directly observed.

    What are mental processes?

    <p>Thoughts, feelings, and motives experienced privately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking?

    <p>The process of thinking deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical method?

    <p>Gaining knowledge by observing events and collecting data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does structuralism focus on?

    <p>Identifying the elemental parts of the human mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is functionalism concerned with?

    <p>The functions and purposes of the mind and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory is Charles Darwin known for?

    <p>Natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are many controversies in the field of psychology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is not at the heart of the scientific approach?

    <p>Prejudging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Charles Darwin's work relevant to psychology?

    <p>His principle of natural selection suggests human behavior is partly a result of survival efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study of emotional expressions, Clayton is most like which psychologist?

    <p>William James.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological approach in psychology?

    <p>Focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neuroscience study?

    <p>The structure, function, and biochemistry of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the behavioral approach emphasize?

    <p>The scientific study of observable behavioral responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the psychodynamic approach?

    <p>Sigmund Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology Overview

    • Psychology is the scientific discipline focused on the study of behavior and mental processes.
    • It combines elements of science, behavior observation, and exploration of mental activities.

    Scientific Approach in Psychology

    • Psychological science relies on systematic observation and assessment of human behavior to describe, predict, and explain actions.
    • Goals include understanding and altering behavior through evidence-based interventions to improve societal outcomes.

    Behavior and Mental Processes

    • Behavior encompasses all observable actions, such as someone kissing or a baby crying.
    • Mental processes are defined as internal experiences like thoughts and feelings, which are not directly observable but impactful on behavior.

    Critical Thinking in Psychology

    • Critical thinking involves deep analysis, questioning input, and assessing evidence rigorously.
    • This mindset is crucial for avoiding biases and ensuring scientific rigor in psychological research.

    Empirical Method

    • The empirical method prioritizes knowledge acquisition through observation, data collection, and logical reasoning.
    • Emphasizes objectivity and basing conclusions on evidence rather than preconceived notions.

    Historical Foundations of Psychology

    • Structuralism: Introduced by William Wundt, it focused on breaking down mental processes into their basic components.
    • Functionalism: Developed by William James, it investigates the functions and adaptive purposes of mental processes and behaviors.

    Influence of Darwin on Psychology

    • Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection underlines that behaviors evolved based on their survival advantages, influencing psychological research.

    Foundational Figures in Psychology

    • Wilhelm Wundt and William James are acknowledged as the foundational figures in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline.
    • Wundt is associated with structuralism (what happens in the mind), while James with functionalism (why mental processes occur).

    Psychological Approaches

    • Biological Approach: Examines psychological phenomena through the lens of the brain and nervous system.
    • Neuroscience: Focuses on the biology underlying psychological processes and behaviors.
    • Behavioral Approach: Concentrates on observable behavior and the environmental factors shaping it, often associated with behaviorists.
    • Psychodynamic Approach: Founded by Sigmund Freud, highlighting the influence of early relationships and unconscious processes on behavior.

    Psychology's Nature and Scope

    • Psychology is recognized for its interdisciplinary nature, bridging philosophy and physiology.
    • Continues to evolve with ongoing debates and controversies within the field, reflecting its dynamic nature.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 1 of Psychology, where you can learn about the science of psychology, including its definition and goals. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of key concepts.

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