Psychology Chapter 1 - Fields of Psychology

Questions and Answers

What is the majority gender of those receiving doctoral degrees in psychology?

Men (correct)

Non-binary individuals

Women

They are evenly distributed among genders

Why did the first female president of the American Psychological Association decline her doctoral degree?

She was not interested in holding a doctoral degree

She did not meet the degree requirements

She chose to focus on her presidential duties instead

She wanted to promote women's contribution without a formal title (correct)

How many doctoral degrees in psychology do women typically receive compared to men?

Equal representation in all categories

Significantly fewer than men (correct)

More than men

About the same as men

Which of the following is true regarding the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

She turned down the doctoral degree despite completing all requirements Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about gender representation in doctoral programs in psychology?

Men make up a larger percentage than women in doctoral psychology degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

The changes and growth of humans throughout life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of psychology focuses on individual differences?

Personality Psychology Signup and view all the answers

How are the various branches of psychology primarily differentiated?

By their methods and the aspects of behavior they study Signup and view all the answers

Which specific area of psychology studies how individuals interact within organizations?

Industrial Psychology Signup and view all the answers

What area does health psychology primarily engage with?

Factors affecting mental health and wellness Signup and view all the answers

Which domain is NOT typically covered by developmental psychology?

Social internships Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which is a key perspective from which personality is understood?

Social learning perspective Signup and view all the answers

Which branch focuses primarily on psychological issues within school settings?

Educational Psychology Signup and view all the answers

Who founded functionalism in psychology?

William James Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of behaviorism?

Learning through observable behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant influence on the development of functionalism?

Darwin’s theory of evolution Signup and view all the answers

What concept did B.F. Skinner study in relation to learned behavior?

Reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What method did functionalists supplement with direct observations?

Introspection Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response?

Reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Observable behaviors in behaviorism are behaviors that can be analyzed by what?

Specialized instruments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functionalism?

Focus on observable behavior Signup and view all the answers

Who were the founders of Gestalt psychology?

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of Gestalt psychology regarding perception?

Perceptions are more than the sum of their parts. Signup and view all the answers

According to Gestalt psychology, what is the nature of learning?

Learning is active and purposeful. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the approach to problem-solving in Gestalt psychology?

It emphasizes insight rather than mechanical repetition. Signup and view all the answers

What does Gestalt psychology suggest about the importance of context?

Context plays a critical role in understanding perception. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects is NOT emphasized by Gestalt psychology?

Mechanical repetition of material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with Gestalt psychology's view on perception?

Perception involves organizing sensory information into meaningful wholes. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the central ideas of Gestalt psychology regarding learning methods?

Learning processes should focus on insight. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of double-blind studies?

Neither participants nor researchers know who receives the treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What must individuals provide before participating in research?

Informed consent. Signup and view all the answers

What do ethics review committees evaluate before granting approval for research studies?

The potential benefits against potential harm. Signup and view all the answers

Why is confidentiality important during research?

To ensure trust and safety for participants. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential ethical concern in research with human participants?

Informed consent being overlooked. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ethics in research is true?

Participants' information must remain confidential. Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical role of an ethics review committee?

To review proposed studies for ethical compliance. Signup and view all the answers

What balance must be assessed by an ethics review committee?

Benefits versus potential harm balance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fields of Psychology

Psychology encompasses diverse branches, each characterized by different methods, focus areas, objectives, interests, and psychologist backgrounds.
Main fields include Clinical, Counseling, Experimental, School, Educational, Developmental, Personality, Social, Environmental, Industrial, Organizational, Human Factors, Consumer, Health, Forensic, and Sport Psychology.

Developmental Psychology

Examines human growth and changes from conception to death.
Key development domains: physical, motor, intellectual, personal, emotional, moral, and social.
Focuses on sequences and rates of maturation in relation to age.

Personality Psychology

Investigates human differences and the factors leading to these distinctions.
Different perspectives in understanding personality: psychoanalytic, social learning, behavioral, humanistic, and cognitive.

Functionalism

Founded by William James, it emphasizes the study of behavior alongside mental processes.
Uses direct observation to complement introspection and is influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Views adaptive behavior patterns as learned and preserved through experience.

Behaviorism

Established by John B. Watson, concentrating on observable behaviors rather than internal states.
B.F. Skinner highlights reinforcement's role, which refers to stimuli that increase the likelihood of a behavior repeating.

Gestalt Psychology

Founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler, focusing on perception's impact on thinking and problem-solving.
Emphasizes that perceptions exceed mere sensory input, advocating that learning is active and achieved through insight.

Gender Representation in Psychology

Men do not make up the majority of doctoral degrees in psychology – this claim is fiction.
The first female president of the American Psychological Association declined the offered doctoral degree, which is true.

Research Methods

Double-blind studies ensure neither participants nor researchers know who receives the actual treatment, enhancing experimental objectivity.

Ethics of Research with Humans

Ethics review committees assess proposed studies against ethical guidelines before approval, balancing potential research benefits against risks.
Informed consent is required from participants, with guarantee of confidentiality for their records and data protection.

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Description

Dive into the diverse fields of psychology with this quiz. Explore areas such as clinical, counseling, experimental, and industrial psychology. This assessment will test your knowledge on the various branches and their applications.