Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which philosopher argued that reason can provide knowledge?
Which philosopher argued that reason can provide knowledge?
What is the main argument of critical rationalism?
What is the main argument of critical rationalism?
What is the main characteristic of reductionism?
What is the main characteristic of reductionism?
What is the goal of scientific pluralism?
What is the goal of scientific pluralism?
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What is the role of deduction in the philosophy of René Descartes?
What is the role of deduction in the philosophy of René Descartes?
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What is the main idea of Karl Popper's approach to science?
What is the main idea of Karl Popper's approach to science?
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What is the analogy used by Winther (2020) to describe science?
What is the analogy used by Winther (2020) to describe science?
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What is the main difference between critical rationalism and positivism?
What is the main difference between critical rationalism and positivism?
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When did the cognitive revolution take place?
When did the cognitive revolution take place?
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What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
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Who coined the term 'cognitive psychology'?
Who coined the term 'cognitive psychology'?
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What is the primary function of cognitive maps?
What is the primary function of cognitive maps?
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According to Tolman, what did rats form in his maze experiments?
According to Tolman, what did rats form in his maze experiments?
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How does Piaget describe the organization of schemas?
How does Piaget describe the organization of schemas?
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What is the concept of free will related to in the context of cognitive psychology?
What is the concept of free will related to in the context of cognitive psychology?
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What is the primary assumption underlying the concept of cognitive maps?
What is the primary assumption underlying the concept of cognitive maps?
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What is the phenomenon where we perceive objects in the same way under different illumination conditions?
What is the phenomenon where we perceive objects in the same way under different illumination conditions?
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What is the name of the illusion where two lines of identical length appear as if they had different lengths due to the added lines or context?
What is the name of the illusion where two lines of identical length appear as if they had different lengths due to the added lines or context?
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What is the primary purpose of empirical methods of inquiry in psychology?
What is the primary purpose of empirical methods of inquiry in psychology?
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What is the name of the theory that suggests that specific details of the incoming stimulus are used to process it?
What is the name of the theory that suggests that specific details of the incoming stimulus are used to process it?
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What is the estimated number of nerve cells in the human body?
What is the estimated number of nerve cells in the human body?
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Who argued that the information received through sensory stimulation would be sufficient to make sense of our environment?
Who argued that the information received through sensory stimulation would be sufficient to make sense of our environment?
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What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where our perceptual system is not always perfect and can lead to misperception?
What is the term for the phenomenon where our perceptual system is not always perfect and can lead to misperception?
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What is the name of the illusion where the moon appears larger when close to the horizon and smaller in the sky without additional cues?
What is the name of the illusion where the moon appears larger when close to the horizon and smaller in the sky without additional cues?
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What is the role of the nervous system in relation to the outside world?
What is the role of the nervous system in relation to the outside world?
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What is the main difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
What is the main difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
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What is the term for the theory that suggests that higher-level cognitive processes influence perception?
What is the term for the theory that suggests that higher-level cognitive processes influence perception?
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Who is the author of the publication that mentioned color and brightness constancy?
Who is the author of the publication that mentioned color and brightness constancy?
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What is the primary goal of understanding the body's biology in psychology?
What is the primary goal of understanding the body's biology in psychology?
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What is the term for the process of sensing, perceiving, and reacting to sensory information from the outside world?
What is the term for the process of sensing, perceiving, and reacting to sensory information from the outside world?
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Who are the researchers credited with the idea that the nervous system is an information processing system?
Who are the researchers credited with the idea that the nervous system is an information processing system?
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Who wrote an article titled 'A cortical hippocampal system for declarative memory'?
Who wrote an article titled 'A cortical hippocampal system for declarative memory'?
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Which journal published an article on 'Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development'?
Which journal published an article on 'Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development'?
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Who wrote an article discussing the concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success?
Who wrote an article discussing the concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success?
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What was the topic of a meta-analysis published in Psychological Bulletin?
What was the topic of a meta-analysis published in Psychological Bulletin?
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Which journal published an article on 'Studies in social influence III: Majority versus minority influence in a group'?
Which journal published an article on 'Studies in social influence III: Majority versus minority influence in a group'?
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Who wrote an article titled 'Did John B. Watson really “found” behaviorism?'?
Who wrote an article titled 'Did John B. Watson really “found” behaviorism?'?
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In which year was an article titled 'The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success' published?
In which year was an article titled 'The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success' published?
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Which authors published a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of psychotherapies?
Which authors published a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of psychotherapies?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive psychology emerged in the mid-1950s with the cognitive revolution.
- Cognitive psychologists study internal mental processes that are not overtly observable.
- Ulric Neisser coined the term "cognitive psychology" in 1967.
- Concepts such as encoding, storage, and retrieval of information became the focus of enquiry.
Cognitive Map
- A cognitive map is a mental understanding of an environment, formed through trial and error as well as observation.
- The concept is based on the assumption that an individual forms mental representations of their physical environment.
- Tolman (1948) established the use of cognitive maps in his research with rats, concluding that humans also form mental representations of their physical environment.
Philosophical Perspectives
- Rationalism: stresses the importance of reason and logic in gaining knowledge, with knowledge being innate and gained through deduction.
- René Descartes (1596-1650) argued that reason can provide knowledge, with knowledge being innate and gained through deduction.
- Critical Rationalism: critiques the classical scientific method, arguing that knowledge is temporary and that theories need to be falsifiable and tested to be scientific.
- Karl Popper (1972) argued that even observations are always tainted and influenced by our understanding and prior knowledge.
Psychobiological Fundamentals
- The structure and function of nerve cells are crucial for understanding human behavior.
- The nervous system comprises between 10 and 12 billion nerve cells (neurons), most of which are in the brain.
- There are two parts to the nervous system: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS is made up of the brain and the spinal cord, while the PNS radiates from the spinal cord to all parts of the body.
Sensory Information and Perception
- Sensory information is transmitted through the five senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch).
- The nervous system is essentially an information processing system, involving the body's sensing, perceiving, and reacting to sensory information from the outside world.
- Color and brightness constancy help us perceive objects in the same way under different illumination conditions.
Illusory Perception
- The Mueller-Lyer illusion and the moon illusion are examples of sensory illusions, where the context of a stimulus can lead to a misperception.
- The Mueller-Lyer illusion involves two lines of identical length appearing as if they had different lengths because of the added lines on either side of them or because of the context of the room.
- The moon illusion involves the moon appearing larger when close to the horizon, with cues of buildings, and smaller in the sky without these additional cues.
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Description
This quiz covers topics related to behaviorism and declarative memory, including the works of John B. Watson and others. Test your knowledge of psychology theories and concepts.
