Psychology and the Nervous System Overview

The two main components of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The spinal cord connects the brain to the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The nervous system takes in information, processes it, and sends commands back to the body tissue.

<p>Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four goals of psychology in eLearning are to explain, predict, describe, and improve behavior and experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive psychology aims to describe behaviors and experiences related to mental processes, such as perception and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which process and relay information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive psychology informs eLearning by providing insights into how people learn and process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frontal lobe is responsible for motor control and higher cognitive abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensations such as touch, pain, temperature, and spatial perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light colors can make a small apartment appear larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory qualities are developed to create a pleasant environment for astronauts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colors communicate unconscious associations and enhance recognition value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and speech comprehension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning results in a consistent change in behavior based on experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main divisions of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary activity, while the autonomic nervous system oversees involuntary functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism emphasizes observable behavior rather than introspection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic part prepares the body for emergency situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical conditioning associates stimuli, while operant conditioning involves reinforcement of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social learning occurs through observation and imitation of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parasympathetic part promotes relaxation and conservation of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colors can add significant emotional impact and influence consumer behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skinner aimed to investigate how environmental conditions influence the probability of reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of a behavior being repeated is determined by the consequences of that behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement increases the response rate by providing a pleasant stimulus after the behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative reinforcement leads to an increase in escape behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skinner measured the frequency of behavior by tracking how often a subject performed a specific action over a period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant conditioning involves learning processes where the consequences depend on the execution of a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences play a crucial role by either reinforcing desired behaviors or punishing undesired ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of negative reinforcement is a child cleaning their room to avoid being scolded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational learning is the process of acquiring new behaviors by watching others being reinforced or punished, without performing the behavior themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expectations play a crucial role as learners anticipate that mimicking a model's behavior will yield similar reinforcement or avoidance of punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bobo Doll experiment showed that children who observed aggressive behavior toward the doll were likely to imitate that behavior themselves when given the opportunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both antisocial (aggressive) and prosocial behaviors can be learned through observational learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors such as perceived reinforcement of the model's behavior, and the model being seen as positive, respected, or similar to the observer can enhance influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational learning can help individuals, such as children learning from siblings or new employees training from experienced colleagues, to acquire beneficial skills and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A risk of observational learning is that individuals may imitate problematic models and adopt harmful or aggressive behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social learning theories suggest that educators and parents should model positive behaviors and acknowledge reinforcement to guide children's behavior effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristics are rules of thumb used for forming opinions that simplify decision-making and reduce cognitive load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primacy effect leads to an overweighting of information presented first, while the recency effect causes an overweighting of the most recently presented information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The availability heuristic refers to a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic or decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overconfidence bias is the tendency for individuals to overestimate their knowledge, abilities, or the accuracy of their information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Follow-the-majority' heuristic involves basing decisions on the opinions or behaviors of the larger group rather than independent thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anchor heuristic is a cognitive bias where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the anchor) when making decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hindsight bias is the tendency for individuals to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daniel Kahneman's work primarily focuses on how people use heuristics in decision-making often leading to errors and biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers