Psychology and Organizational Behavior Insights
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What role does psychology play in understanding human behavior?

Psychology involves measuring and explaining the behavior of humans and other animals.

What are the key interpersonal skills that managers should develop for effective leadership?

Managers should develop communication, empathy, and conflict resolution skills.

How does social psychology differ from traditional psychology?

Social psychology combines elements of psychology and sociology to investigate the influence people have on one another.

How does systematic study enhance managerial decision-making?

<p>Systematic study uncovers relationships and provides scientific evidence to make more accurate predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sociology focus on in relation to human behavior?

<p>Sociology focuses on the relationship between people's behavior and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges exist in understanding organizational behavior (OB)?

<p>There are no universal principles for OB, as individuals can react differently to the same situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does evidence-based management (EBM) play in decision-making?

<p>EBM involves making managerial decisions based on the best available scientific evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how intuition can be integrated with systematic study.

<p>Intuition can be enhanced by systematic analysis to improve the accuracy of predictions about behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do work-life balance priorities affect employee expectations?

<p>Balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as a primary employee priority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is positive organizational scholarship?

<p>Positive organizational scholarship focuses on developing human strength and fostering resilience in workplaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of relying solely on intuition in management?

<p>Relying solely on intuition can lead to overestimating the accuracy of one's beliefs and decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the disciplines that contribute to the behavioral science of organizational behavior.

<p>The disciplines include psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemmas do employees face in the workplace?

<p>Employees often encounter ethical dilemmas where they must determine right and wrong conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for managers to modify behavioral predictions to reflect individual differences?

<p>It allows for more personalized approaches and improves the accuracy of behavior management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider contingency variables in organizational behavior?

<p>Contingency variables moderate the relationships between different variables in OB, reflecting situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can managers use systematic study to improve their interpersonal skills?

<p>By analyzing relationships and behaviors systematically, managers can identify areas for improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of job enlargement in the workplace?

<p>It allows individuals to perform with more freedom and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alternative work arrangements benefit employees?

<p>They provide flexibility to accommodate personal needs and responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is flexitime and how does it work?

<p>Flexitime allows employees to choose their arrival and departure times while completing a set number of hours each week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might job sharing be less commonly chosen by employees?

<p>It can be difficult to find compatible partners for sharing a job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some advantages of teleworking for employees?

<p>Teleworking increases flexibility and independence in managing work tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential downside of teleworking as mentioned in the content?

<p>It can lead to feelings of isolation and reduce job satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does job sharing benefit employers?

<p>It allows access to the skills of multiple individuals for a single job position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does management face with teleworking?

<p>Management experiences reduced supervision and difficulty coordinating teamwork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five core dimensions of the job characteristic model?

<p>Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does job rotation affect employee motivation and understanding of their work?

<p>Job rotation reduces boredom and increases motivation while helping employees understand their contributions to the organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define job enrichment and its significance in the workplace.

<p>Job enrichment involves increasing an employee's responsibility for planning, execution, and evaluation of their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the motivating potential score (MPS) and how is it used?

<p>MPS is a single predictive index derived from the core dimensions that indicates the motivational potential of a job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of task significance in the job characteristic model.

<p>Task significance refers to the extent a job impacts the lives of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential drawbacks of implementing job rotation?

<p>Increased training costs, reduced productivity, and disruptions due to employees adjusting to new responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is autonomy an important dimension in job design?

<p>Autonomy provides employees with freedom and independence in scheduling and performing their tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does feedback contribute to employee performance in the job characteristic model?

<p>Feedback provides clear and direct information about the effectiveness of an employee's performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intuition in the context of decision-making?

<p>Intuition is an unconscious process of decision-making informed by distilled experience, engaging emotions with limited information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe overconfidence bias and its common characteristics.

<p>Overconfidence bias occurs when individuals are overly optimistic about their ability to answer correctly, often seen in those with weaker intellectual skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain anchoring bias and how it affects decision-making.

<p>Anchoring bias involves fixating on the first piece of information received and failing to adjust to later, relevant information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmation bias and how does it influence information gathering?

<p>Confirmation bias is the tendency to gather information that supports pre-existing beliefs, leading to selective perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define availability bias and its impact on decision-making.

<p>Availability bias occurs when decisions are based on information that is easily accessible, often influenced by recent or emotional events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does escalation of commitment refer to in decision-making?

<p>Escalation of commitment refers to the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to perceived responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does randomness error affect decision-making processes?

<p>Randomness error occurs when individuals mistakenly believe they can predict outcomes of random events, impairing their decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to balance intuition with rational decision-making?

<p>Balancing intuition with rational decision-making is crucial to make well-informed choices that consider both emotions and logical analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main weaknesses of using Action Research in organizational change?

<p>It requires substantial data collection and analysis, which can be time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Organizational Development (OD) differ in its approach to improving organizations compared to traditional methods?

<p>OD emphasizes participative processes and collaborative efforts, focusing on humanistic values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Appreciative Inquiry in the context of Organizational Development?

<p>It focuses on identifying and building on the organization’s strengths rather than fixing problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one way that OD techniques, such as team building, can be resource-intensive.

<p>Team building requires significant time and resources for high-interaction activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge might organizations face when implementing Action Research and OD?

<p>Some organizations may be resistant to the transparency and involvement required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the varied outcome of OD techniques impact their effectiveness?

<p>Results can be inconsistent depending on the context and execution, affecting their overall reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might Lewin’s Model and Kotter’s Plan be less effective in dynamic environments?

<p>They offer structured, somewhat linear approaches to change, which may struggle to adapt quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one strength of using a holistic approach in Organizational Development?

<p>It enhances organizational effectiveness by promoting collaborative problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systematic Study

The process of examining relationships, identifying causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence.

Evidence-Based Management (EBM)

A management approach that uses scientific evidence to inform managerial decisions, complementing intuition.

Intuition

Personal insights, feelings, and hunches about why people behave the way they do.

Overestimating Intuition

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our own knowledge and understanding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enhancing Intuition with Systematic Study

Combining systematic analysis with intuition to improve the accuracy of explaining and predicting behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organizational Behavior (OB)

The study of how individuals behave in groups and organizations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychology in OB

The study of individual behavior, focusing on personality, learning, and motivation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Psychology in OB

The study of how people interact in groups, exploring social influence and group dynamics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Action Research

A change management approach that involves collecting and analyzing data to understand the causes and effects of change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organizational Development (OD)

Involves using a variety of methods to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. It emphasizes collaborative teamwork, and focuses on creating a positive and supportive work environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Employee Involvement

A change management strategy that encourages active participation of employees in the change process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Process Consultation

A change management approach that helps organizations understand and improve their internal processes through collaboration and dialogue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Team Building

A technique used within OD to enhance team performance by engaging members in interactive exercises and activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intergroup Development

Involves improving relationships between different groups within an organization through facilitated dialogues and shared experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Appreciative Inquiry

This approach within OD focuses on celebrating and building upon an organization's strengths to foster growth and positive change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Business Intelligence (BI)

This approach involves utilizing data and analysis to understand patterns, identify opportunities, and make informed decisions related to business performance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contingency Variables

Factors that alter the relationship between two or more variables. Think of them as 'ifs' or 'buts' that influence how something works.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Psychology

The study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociology

The study of the relationship between human behavior and the environment they live in. It's about how societies develop and interact with their surroundings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anthropology

The study of human societies and cultures, including their characteristics, origins, development, and interactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positive Organizational Scholarship

A workplace culture that encourages positive well-being, resilience, and potential development. Think happy, productive, and supportive!

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethical Dilemmas

Situations where individuals have to make decisions about right or wrong conduct, often involving conflicting values.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Work-Life Balance Priority

The concern that employees now prioritize work-life balance as a primary career goal, often over job security.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skill Variety

The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Task Identity

The degree to which a job requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Task Significance

The degree to which a job has a significant impact on the lives of other people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autonomy

The degree to which individuals have the freedom to schedule their work and determine the procedures they use to perform their tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feedback

The degree to which clear and direct information about the effectiveness of individual performance is provided.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Motivating Potential Score (MPS)

A predictive index that measures the motivating potential of a job based on the five core job characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Job Rotation

Periodically moving an employee from one task to another. It helps reduce boredom, increase motivation, and improve understanding of the organization's goals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Job Enrichment

Increasing an employee's responsibility for planning, executing, and evaluating their work. It aims to increase motivation and job satisfaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flexitime

Flexible work schedules where employees determine their start and end times within set boundaries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Job Sharing

A work arrangement where two or more individuals share a single full-time position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teleworking

Work performed remotely from home or other locations using technology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Connecting Employees with Beneficiaries

The act of connecting employees with the individuals who benefit from their work, leading to increased satisfaction and purpose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alternative Work Arrangements for Diverse Workforce

Alternative work arrangements can be beneficial for employees with diverse needs, such as single parents or those caring for family members.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teleworking Drawbacks

Teleworking can decrease job satisfaction and increase feelings of isolation due to reduced coworker interaction and potential career limitations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Job Sharing Benefits for Employers

Job sharing can be beneficial for employers as it allows them to utilize the skills of two or more individuals and recruit experienced workers who may not be available full-time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decision Making Shortcuts

A shortcut for decision-making processes, leading to biased or flawed judgments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overconfidence Bias

The tendency to be excessively optimistic in assessing our ability to succeed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anchoring Bias

The tendency to cling to initial information even if it's proven inaccurate and disregard later evidence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Confirmation Bias

The preference for information that supports our existing beliefs, while avoiding evidence that contradicts them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Availability Bias

Making decisions based on readily available information, often prioritizing recent or emotional events.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Escalation of Commitment

Persisting in a failing course of action, even when evidence suggests it's wrong, often driven by a desire to justify past decisions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Randomness Error

The belief that we can accurately predict random events, such as lottery outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Exam Dates and Information

  • EXC3460: Organizational Behavior and Leadership
  • EXC34601: Structured test, school exam
  • BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo campus
  • Exam period: December 13, 2024, 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM
  • 7.5 ECTS

Lecture 1 - CH 1 (What is OB?)

  • Organizational Behavior (OB) studies how individuals, groups, and structure impact employee behavior to enhance organizational effectiveness.
  • Managers need strong interpersonal skills to be effective, as workplaces rated highly correlate with strong interpersonal skills.
  • Good interpersonal skills are crucial for success in the workplace.

Lecture 2 - CH 16 (Organizational Culture)

  • Organizational culture = shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that guide members' perceptions of the organization.
  • Clan Culture: emphasizing collaboration, trust, and support.
  • Adhocracy Culture: prioritizing innovation, growth, and autonomy.
  • Market Culture: focusing on achievement, competition, and communication.
  • Hierarchy Culture: emphasizing stability, routines, and formal structures.
  • Strong Culture: unites employees through shared values for higher loyalty, cohesion, and commitment.
  • Weak Culture: varying opinions about organizational values, resulting in less alignment.
  • Organizational culture is transmitted through stories, rituals, material symbols, and language.

Lecture 3 - CH 7 & 8 (Motivation and Self-Leadership)

  • Motivation is the driving force behind an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence toward achieving goals.
  • Intensity: the level of effort exerted.
  • Direction: the route toward achieving goals.
  • Persistence: the duration of effort.
  • Content theories (e.g., Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, McClelland's acquired needs theory): focus on the internal factors driving motivation.
  • Process theories (e.g., expectancy theory, goal-setting theory): explain how factors interact to motivate individuals.

Lecture 4 - CH 9 & 10 (Group Team Psychology/ Work Climate Issues/ Power & Influences)

  • Groups: Two or more people interacting and interdependent, aiming toward shared goals.
  • Formal Groups: Defined by the organization's structure and designed to fulfill specific objectives.
  • Informal Groups: Formed by people's own needs and are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined.
  • Group stages (five-stage model): Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning.
  • Punctuated-equilibrium model: Useful for understanding temporary groups with a finite lifespan.
  • Group properties: Roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness, and group decision-making.

Lecture 5 - CH 5 (Perception, Individual Decision-Making, and Creativity)

  • Perception: The process of organizing and interpreting sensory stimuli to understand the environment.
  • Attribution theory: Explains how people form perceptions based on whether something is internally or externally caused
  • Perception shortcuts: Simplifying strategies, leading to potential errors. (e.g., halo effect, contrast effect, stereotyping)

Lecture 6 - CH 12 (Leadership)

  • Leadership: Influences a group toward achieving goals.
  • Trait Theories: Focus on identifying specific inherent qualities that differentiate effective leaders from others. (e.g., Big Five Model - conscientiousness, extraversion)
  • Behavioral Theories: Describe specific behaviours exhibited by effective leaders (e.g., Initiating structure, consideration)
  • Contingency Theories: Leader effectiveness depends on specific situational factors (e.g., Fiedler model, Path-Goal Theory, Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory)

Lecture 7 (Extending previous lectures)

  • Types of authority (Weber): Charismatic, Traditional, Legal/rational
  • Equity theory: People compare their inputs and outputs and seek balance with relevant others' inputs and outputs.

Lecture 8 (CH 3, 5, & 18)

  • Attitudes: Evaluative statements or judgments about objects, people, or events.
  • Job Attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employee engagement): Evaluative statements employees make about their work.
  • Employee engagement: Willingness and capacity to contribute to organizational success.

Lecture 9 (Technology)

  • Technological innovation: Leads to organizational changes in employee requirements, perceptions, and work processes.
  • Technological revolutions (e.g., First, Second, Third/First Digital, Second Digital): Major periods of technological advancements altering workplaces and processes.
  • Impact on the workplace: How technology affects organizational structures and processes, potentially leading to job displacement

Lecture 10 (Conflicts)

  • Conflict: A process where one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or will negatively affect, something that the first party cares about.
  • Causes: Important resources such as political, economic, social, legal and/or ecological factors.
  • Types of conflict : (Intra-)group, (inter-)group, dyads, different perspectives.
    Conflict resolution approaches (e.g., competing, avoiding, compromising, accommodating, collaborating)

Lecture 11 (Communication)

  • Communication: The process of transmitting information and meaning between individuals.
  • Communication methods:
  • In-person meetings = best for complex issues/emotional feedback
  • Phone calls = immediate responses/difficult explanations
  • Emails = formal documents/message to many.
  • Nonverbal communication: Impacts how messages are interpreted, with behaviors often more credible than words.
  • Barriers to communication: Gender, power dynamics, and cultural differences.
  • Cross-cultural communication: active listening and effective communication strategies.

WEEK 12 (Diversity & Creativity)

  • Diversity in the workplace (surface vs depth): Observable characteristics like gender and ethnicity, vs. deeper characteristics from work preferences to values.
  • Creativity: Generating novel and valuable ideas
  • Creativity methods.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

BI: Leadership and Organisational Behaviour PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intersection of psychology and organizational behavior, highlighting key concepts such as interpersonal skills for managers, evidence-based management, and the role of workplace ethics. Delve into how systematic study enhances decision-making and the impact of work-life balance on employee expectations.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser