Psychology and Neuroscience Module Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function associated with the Frontal Lobe?

  • Hearing and language
  • Motor functions and cognition (correct)
  • Sensation and attention
  • Visual processing

Which structure in the Limbic System is primarily responsible for processing emotions such as fear?

  • Amygdala (correct)
  • Cingulate cortex
  • Hippocampus
  • Basal Ganglia

What does the Basal Ganglia mainly facilitate?

  • Voluntary motor responses (correct)
  • Sensation and location
  • Visual processing
  • Memory retention

Which of the following best describes the Cingulate Cortex?

<p>Linked to emotion processing and behavioral regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated behaviors does the Limbic System particularly regulate?

<p>Fleeing, feeding, and fighting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the midbrain?

<p>Tectum and Tegmentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for regulating motivated behaviors?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thalamus?

<p>Information relay station for senses except smell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes grey matter from white matter in the brain?

<p>Presence of small, unmyelinated neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the groove separating the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

<p>Fissure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Corpus callosum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small furrows or folds in the brain known as?

<p>Sulci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the cerebral lobes is correct?

<p>They are not functional units, divided by physiological folding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for viewing the side of the brain?

<p>Lateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the brain is referred to as the 'crown' section?

<p>Coronal section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the brain is also referred to as the 'little brain'?

<p>Metencephalon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the reticular formation primarily play?

<p>Regulating sleep and wakefulness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the brain includes the cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Telencephalon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Pons in the brain?

<p>Linking brain to spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best represents the order of the five divisions of the brain?

<p>Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many major divisions of the brain develop before birth?

<p>Five (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the nervous system?

<p>Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of afferent nerves in the Somatic Nervous System?

<p>They carry sensory information towards the CNS. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

<p>To regulate the internal environment of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is the tough outer layer that protects the Central Nervous System?

<p>Dura mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play in the nervous system?

<p>It cushions and supports the brain and spinal cord. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the volume of gray matter in the brain generally peak?

<p>Around 8 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of composition, what is primarily found in white matter?

<p>Myelinated axons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood-brain barrier?

<p>It tightly packs cerebral blood vessels to block toxic substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for conserving energy?

<p>Parasympathetic Nervous System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Sympathetic Nervous System typically respond to perceived threats?

<p>By stimulating, organizing, and mobilizing energy resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

<p>Large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the afferent and efferent nerves?

<p>Afferent nerves carry sensory signals towards the CNS, while efferent carry motor signals away from it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general purpose of neuroanatomical directional terms?

<p>To describe the location and orientation of brain structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuroscience

The study of the brain and nervous system, exploring their structure, function, and how they influence behavior.

Brain-Behavior Link

The complex relationship between the brain and how we think, feel, and act.

Foundational Knowledge

Understanding how the brain works is essential for understanding the biological basis of psychological processes.

Multi-disciplinary

Neuroscience connects with other fields like psychology, providing a deeper understanding of how the brain influences behavior.

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Clinical Relevance

Neuroscience is crucial for understanding brain function in clinical psychology, aiding diagnoses and treatments.

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Neuroscience in Psychology

Understanding brain function is vital for diagnosing and treating mental health conditions, as well as for utilizing new brain-measuring technology.

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Technology & Neuroscience

Technological advances in brain measurement require knowledge of neuroscience principles to interpret and apply them in psychology.

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Prepare for Lectures

Before each lecture, complete assigned reading, videos, or note preparation to gain a good starting point and improve understanding.

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Seminars vs. Workshops

Psychology majors attend seminars, while minor students participate in workshops led by Graduate Teaching Assistants.

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Importance of Prep Work

Preparing before seminars/workshops is crucial for active participation and understanding.

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Medial View

A view of the brain from the middle, looking towards the center.

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Lateral View

A view of the brain from the side, looking at the outer surface.

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Coronal Section

A slice of the brain that cuts through it vertically, like a crown.

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Sagittal Section

A slice of the brain that cuts it vertically, dividing it into right and left halves.

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Transverse Section

A slice of the brain cut horizontally, like a pancake.

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Telencephalon

The topmost part of the brain, containing the cerebral hemispheres.

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Myelencephalon

The lowest part of the brainstem, responsible for basic life functions.

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Metencephalon

Part of the brainstem responsible for functions like movement and balance.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

The control center of the body, consisting of the brain and spinal cord. It receives information from the senses, processes it, and sends out commands to the muscles and glands.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The network of nerves that connects the CNS to the rest of the body. It carries information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

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Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Part of the PNS responsible for voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.

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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of the PNS responsible for regulating involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

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Afferent nerves

Nerves that carry sensory information from the body to the CNS.

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Efferent nerves

Nerves that carry motor commands from the CNS to the body.

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Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the ANS responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, mobilizing resources in stressful situations.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the ANS responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, conserving energy.

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Meninges: Dura Mater

Tough, outer layer of the meninges that protects the CNS.

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Meninges: Arachnoid Membrane

Fine, middle layer of the meninges resembling a spider web.

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Meninges: Pia Mater

Delicate, inner layer of the meninges adhering to the surface of the CNS.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and support.

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Blood-Brain Barrier

Protective barrier formed by tightly packed blood vessels, preventing harmful substances from entering the brain.

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Gray Matter

Outer layer of the brain and spinal cord, composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated neurons.

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White Matter

Inner layer of the brain and spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons.

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Frontal Lobe

The part of the brain located at the front, responsible for important functions like controlling movement, planning, and social behaviors.

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Parietal Lobe

Located at the top of the brain, this lobe processes sensory information, helps us understand our body's position in space, and directs our attention.

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Temporal Lobe

Located on the sides of the brain, this lobe is crucial for processing sounds, language, complex visual patterns, and forming memories.

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Limbic System

A network of brain structures connected to the thalamus, controlling basic motivations like feeding, fighting, fleeing, and.... (hint: one more F)

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What is the Amygdala responsible for?

The Amygdala is part of the Limbic System and plays a critical role in processing emotions, particularly fear.

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Midbrain

Located between the hindbrain and forebrain, it plays a crucial role in auditory and visual-motor processing, as well as sympathetic responses and movement.

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Tectum

The dorsal part of the midbrain, containing the inferior colliculi (auditory processing) and superior colliculi (visual-motor coordination).

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Tegmentum

The ventral part of the midbrain, responsible for movement and sympathetic responses through structures like the substantia nigra and red nucleus.

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Thalamus

A relay station in the brain, forwarding sensory information (except smell) to the cerebral cortex, also involved in sleep, wakefulness, and learning.

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Hypothalamus

A small structure below the thalamus, controlling basic drives like hunger, thirst, and regulating hormones through the pituitary gland.

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Cerebral Cortex

The outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres, composed of gray matter (small, unmyelinated neurons), responsible for complex functions like cognition and language.

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Fissures

Deep grooves or folds in the cerebral cortex, dividing the brain into lobes and increasing surface area.

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Gyri and Sulci

Gyri are ridges or bumps on the brain surface, and sulci are the grooves between them, further increasing surface area.

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Study Notes

Module Information

  • Module name: PSYC112/132: Introduction to Neuroscience
  • Week 6: Wednesday 13th November 2024
  • Lecturer: Dr Abigail Fiske
  • Email: [email protected]

Module Aim

  • Provide an introduction to key neuroscience concepts
  • Develop understanding of complex links between brain and behaviour
  • Discuss the importance of neuroscience for psychology

About the Module

  • Foundational knowledge: Understand how the brain and nervous system work to understand psychological processes
  • Multidisciplinary: Appreciate the connections between brain and behaviour in various psychological disciplines
  • Clinical relevance: Importance in clinical psychology for diagnosing and treating mental health conditions
  • Technological advances: Understanding and applying technological advances to measuring brain activity

Resources

  • Module handbook (available on Moodle)
  • Biopsychology textbook (11th Edition) by John Pinel and Steven Barnes
  • Short videos on neuroscience topics (linked on Moodle)

Assessments

  • Web-Based Assessments (WBAs)
  • Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Class Test (worth 90% of the final grade)
  • All assessments are categorised as "RED" for this module, meaning generative AI tools are not permitted

Prep Work

  • Students are expected to engage with prep work before each lecture / session
  • This work may involve reading articles, watching videos, or preparing notes
  • Prep work designed to aid understanding during lectures
  • Resources located on Moodle

Seminars and Workshops

  • PSYC112 students will attend seminars (check timetable)
  • PSYC132 students will attend workshops (check timetable)
  • Workshops/seminars led by Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs)
  • Prep work will be required for seminars

SONA Research Studies

  • Students need to earn 80 credits by Week 20
  • Credits are needed to use SONA for participant recruitment in third year
  • 1 credit per 15 minutes of participation in online research
  • 3 credits per 15 minutes of participation in lab/in-person research

Lecture 1: Neuroanatomy

  • Covers nervous system anatomy (structure and protective features)
  • Explains directional terms for describing brain structures
  • Outlines the five divisions of the brain, including their key areas and functions
  • Provides basic understanding of the nervous system's structure and function

Part I: The Nervous System

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Collects information from sensory nerves to process and respond
  • Brain, Spinal cord are part of the CNS
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Feeds information (from sensory organs) back to the brain. Composed of the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
  • Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Interacts with the external environment. Includes afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves conveying motor signals from the brain to skeletal muscles.
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Regulates the internal environment. Includes afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves from internal organs towards and away from the CNS respectively
  • Sympathetic Nervous System: Organises and mobilises energy resources in response to threats (Fight or Flight)
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System: Conserves energy during relaxation (Rest and Digest)

Other Topics

  • Meninges: Protect the CNS
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Support and cushion the brain and spinal cord
  • Blood-Brain Barrier: Prevents toxic substances from entering the brain
  • Gray and White Matter: Gray matter composed of cell bodies, while white matter composed of myelinated axons; both work together in the brain and spinal cord to process and send information
  • Part II: The Brain (Directional Terms in Neuroscience, Neuroanatomical Views, Neuroanatomical "Slices" of the brain, 5 Major Divisions of the Brain and Their Subdivisions (Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain), Limbic System and its Components (Amygdala, Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Hippocampus etc)
  • Cerebral Lobes: (Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal) and their Functions (Motor, Cognition, Planning, Social Behavior, Sensation, Attention, Visual Processing, Hearing, Language, Memory)
  • Limbic System: Involved in motivated behaviors and emotions (Includes Amygdala, Basal Ganglia etc)

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Lancaster University PSYC112/132 Introduction to Neuroscience 2024-25 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts within the Psychology and Neuroscience module. This quiz covers topics such as foundational knowledge, the relevance of neuroscience, and specific functions of brain structures. Prepare to deepen your understanding of how neuroscience informs psychological practices.

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